Phase analysis and microstructure study of sintered Ni-Cr composites containing MoS2, Ag and CaF2 additives as solid lubricants

Wan Farhana Mohamad; Amir Azam Khan; Faiz Ahmad; Abdullah Yassin

doi:10.15282/jmes.14.2.2020.02.0514

Authors

Wan Farhana Mohamad Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia Phone: +6082583322 ; Fax: +6082583410.
Amir Azam Khan Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia.
Faiz Ahmad Mechanical Engineering Department, University Technology PETRONAS, 31750 Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia.
Abdullah Yassin Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15282/jmes.14.2.2020.02.0514

Keywords:

Self-lubricating composites, powder metallurgy, solid lubricants, Ni-Cr composites, MoS2, Ag, CaF2

Abstract

Ni-Cr based composites with and without the addition of solid lubricants (MoS₂, Ag and CaF₂) were prepared by powder metallurgy method. The samples were sintered at different temperatures (1000^oC, 1100^oC and 1200^oC) under controlled atmosphere and various holding times. The physical properties such as sintered density, relative density and porosity were studied. The microstructures and phase studies of the Ni-Cr based composites were conducted using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD) while the hardness of the composites was measured by the Vickers Micro Hardness Tester. The results revealed that as the sintering temperature was increased, the sintered density, relative density and hardness also increased while the porosity was reduced. At the sintering temperature of 1200^oC, the relative density reached its maximum value. SEM and XRD analysis confirmed the existence of MoS₂ and Ag in sintered samples. MoS₂ and Ag were not mainly dissolved and/or decomposed even after sintering at 1200^oC

References

X. Zhang, Y. Chen, and J. Hu, “Recent advances in the development of aerospace materials,” Prog. Aerosp. Sci., vol. 97, no. August 2017, pp. 22–34, 2018.

X. Dangsheng, “Lubrication behavior of Ni–Cr-based alloys containing MoS2 at high temperature,” Wear, vol. 251, no. 1–12. pp. 1094–1099, 2001.

M. Xue, “High temperature oxidation and wear behaviour of powder metallurgically developed Ni-Cr-W-Al-Ti-MoS2 composite,” Indian J. Eng. Mater. Sci., vol. 16, no. April, pp. 111–115, 2009.

T. W. Scharf and S. V. Prasad, “Solid lubricants: A review,” J. Mater. Sci., vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 511–531, 2013.

G. W. Stachowiak and A. W. Batchelor, “Fundamentals of Contact Between Solids,” Eng. Tribol., pp. 461–499, 2006.

P. Moisés Luiz, D. Costa César Edil, and V. Lilian, “Development of Ni/h-BN Self-Lubricating Composite Powder by High- Energy Ball Milling,” vol. 869, pp. 277–282, 2016.

K. P. Furlan et al., “Metallurgical Aspects of Self-lubricating Composites Containing Graphite and MoS2,” J. Mater. Eng. Perform., vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 1135–1145, 2017.

A.B Hadzley, T. Norfauzi, U.A.A Umar, A.A. Afuza, M.M. Faiz and M.F. Naim “Effect of sintering temperature on density, hardness and tool wear for alumina-zirconia cutting tool,” J. Mech. Eng. Sci., vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 4648–4660, 2019.

I. M. Makena, M. B. Shongwe, M. M. Ramakokovhu, and M. L. Lethabane, “A Review on Sintered Nickel based Alloys,” Proc. World Congr. Eng., vol. II, no. 99348, pp. 3–8, 2017.

K. Miyoshi, “Solid Lubricants and Coatings for Extreme Environments : State-of-the-Art Survey,” no. January, 2007.

T. Sunil, M. Sandeep, R. Kumaraswami, and A. Shravan, “A critical review on solid lubricants,” Int. J. Mech. Eng. Technol., vol. 7, no. October, pp. 193–199, 2016.

H. Torres, M. Rodríguez Ripoll, and B. Prakash, “Tribological behaviour of self-lubricating materials at high temperatures,” Int. Mater. Rev., vol. 63, no. 5, pp. 309–340, 2018.

F. W. and P. Y. Xuewei Zhu , Xiaofeng Wei , Yuxiang Huang, “High-Temperature Friction and Wear Properties of NiCr/hBN Self-Lubricating Composites,” Metals (Basel)., vol. 9, no. 356, pp. 1–11, 2019.

I. M. Allam, “Solid lubricants for applications at elevated temperatures,” Journal of Materials Science, vol. 26, no. 15. pp. 3977–3984, 1991.

K. P. Furlan, J. D. B. de Mello, and A. N. Klein, “Self-lubricating composites containing MoS2: A review,” Tribol. Int., vol. 120, pp. 280–298, 2018.

J.-Y. Wang, Y. Shan, H. Guo, B. Li, W. Wang, and J. Jia, “Friction and Wear Characteristics of Hot-Pressed NiCr–Mo/MoO3/Ag Self-Lubrication Composites at Elevated Temperatures up to 900 °C,” Tribol. Lett., vol. 59, no. 3, p. 48, 2015.

J. Li, D. Xiong, Z. Huang, J. Kong, and J. Dai, “Effect of Ag and CeO2 on friction and wear properties of Ni-base composite at high temperature,” Wear, vol. 267, no. 1–4, pp. 576–584, Jun. 2009.

H. E. Sliney, “Solid lubricant materials for high temperatures - a review,” Tribol. Int., vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 303–315, 1982.

J. Zhen et al., “High-temperature tribological behavior of a nickel alloy matrix solid-lubricating composite under vacuum,” Tribol. Int., vol. 110, no. December 2016, pp. 52–56, 2017.

W. F. Mohamad, A. A. Khan, F. Ahmad, and A. Yassin, “Physical and Mechanical Properties of Ni-Cr based composites with addition of solid lubricants produced through powder metallurgy process,” MATEC Web Conf. 87, vol. 02011, 2017.

S. Tiwari, P. Rajput, and S. Srivastava, “Densification Behaviour in the Fabrication of Al-Fe Metal Matrix Composite Using Powder Metallurgy Route,” ISRN Metall., vol. 2012, pp. 1–8, 2012.

E. Kuk, G. Kim, and C. Lee, “Effects of solid lubricant content and size on the tribology of NiCr-Cr2O3 -Ag composites,” vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 95–100, 2005.

C. H. Ding, P. L. Li, G. Ran, Y. W. Tian, and J. N. Zhou, “Tribological property of self-lubricating PM304 composite,” Wear, vol. 262, no. 5–6, pp. 575–581, 2007.

L. L. Roganov, L. V Popivnenko, and N. a Rudenko, “New Technology Improving the Service Characteristics of Sintered Self- Lubricated Bearings With Controllable Pore Size,” Mech. Test. Diagnosis, vol. 1, no. Iii, pp. 12–18, 2013.

J. Zhen, J. Cheng, M. Li, S. Zhu, Z. Long, B. Yang and J. Yang, “Lubricating behavior of adaptive nickel alloy matrix composites with multiple solid lubricants from 25 °C to 700 oC,” Tribol. Int., vol. 109, pp. 174–181, 2017.

Y. Wu, F. Wang, Y. Cheng, and N. Chen, “A study of the optimization mechanism of solid lubricant concentration in self-lubricating composite,” Wear, vol. 205, no. 1–2. pp. 64–70, 1997.

X. Wei, R. Wang, Y. Feng, C. Peng, and X. Zhu, “Effects of h-BN content on properties of Ni-Cr/h-BN composite,” J. Cent. South Univ. Technol., vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 1334–1339, Oct. 2011.

T. Rajnesh, D. Xiong, J. Li, and J. Dai, “Dry sliding wear behavior of silver containing Ni-based composite-steel tribo-pair,” J. Shanghai Jiaotong Univ., vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 470–474, 2012.

R. Tyagi, D. S. Xiong, J. L. Li, and J. Dai, “High-temperature friction and wear of Ag/h-BN-containing Ni-based composites against steel,” Tribol. Lett., vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 181–186, 2010.

C.-H. Ding, C.-H. Liu, Z.-M. Yang, Y.-P. Wang, Z.-B. Sun, and L. Yu, “Effect of size refinement and distribution of lubricants on friction coefficient of high temperature self-lubricating composites,” Compos. Sci. Technol., vol. 70, no. 6, pp. 1000–1005, Jun. 2010.

F. Liu, J. Jia, G. Yi, W. Wang, and Y. Shan, “Mechanical and tribological properties of NiCr – Al2O3 composites at elevated temperatures,” Tribol. Int., vol. 84, pp. 1–8, 2015.

E. Liu,Y. Gao, W. Wang, X. Zhang, X. Wang, G. Yi and J.Jia., “Effect of the synergetic action on tribological characteristics of Ni-based composites containing multiple-lubricants,” Tribol. Lett., vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 399–408, 2012.

E. Y. Liu, W. Z. Wang, Y. M. Gao, and J. H. Jia, “Tribological properties of adaptive Ni-based composites with addition of lubricious Ag2MoO4 at elevated temperatures,” Tribol. Lett., vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 21–30, 2012.

E. Y. Liu, W. Z. Wang, Y. M. Gao, and J. H. Jia, “Tribological properties of Ni-based self-lubricating composites with addition of silver and molybdenum disulfide,” Tribol. Int., vol. 57, pp. 235–241, 2013.