HUBUNGAN ANTARA FAKTOR SEKOLAH, KONSEP KENDIRI DAN TINGKAH LAKU DALAM KALANGAN PELAJAR SEKOLAH MENENGAH DI SELANGOR

The Relationship Between School Factors, Self-Concept and Behavior Among Secondary School Students in Selangor

Abstract

Mutakhir ini, sistem pendidikan menghadapi cabaran dalam domain sosial, ekonomi dan alam sekitar impak daripada globalisasi serta kadar perkembangan teknologi yang lebih pantas. Isu kemerosotan akhlak dan disiplin pelajar seringkali menjadi perbualan hangat isu semasa dan seterusnya melahirkan gambaran negatif kepada sistem pendidikan. Penyelidikan ini dilaksanakan untuk menentukan perbezaan dalam tingkah laku berdasarkan faktor sosiodemografi dalam kalangan pelajar sekolah menengah di Selangor dan mengenalpasti hubungan antara faktor sosiodemografi, konsep kendiri, serta faktor sekolah dengan tingkah laku dalam kalangan pelajar sekolah menengah di Selangor. Pendekatan kuantitatif dan rekabentuk survei digunakan secara analisis inferensi. Seramai 400 orang pelajar sekolah yang berumur 14 dan 16 tahun dari lapan buah sekolah menengah di negeri Selangor telah terlibat dalam kajian ini. Hasil analisis ujian-t mendapati terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan bagi kelima-lima subskala dalam tingkah laku (kebimbangan, menarik diri, masalah somatik, tingkah laku agresif, dan tingkah laku melanggar peraturan) berdasarkan jantina.  Ujian korelasi pearson antara latar belakang sosiodemografi dengan tingkah laku menunjukkan terdapat hubungan signifikan yang negatif antara pendapatan isi rumah dengan kebimbangan dan masalah somatik. Keputusan ujian korelasi juga menunjukkan terdapat hubungan signifikan yang negatif antara konsep kendiri dengan semua subskala tingkah laku dan terdapat hubungan signifikan yang positif antara konsep kendiri dengan semua subskala faktor sekolah. Kesimpulannya, ibu bapa, pihak sekolah, dan NGO termasuklah penggerak pusat perlindungan dapat mengambil kira faktor yang mempengaruhi penglibatan remaja dalam masalah sosial ini dalam merangka program pencegahan interaktif yang bersesuaian bagi mengelakkan remaja terjebak dengan masalah sosial.

Nowadays, education system are facing unprecedented challenges – social, economic and environmental driven by accelerating globalisation and a faster rate of technological developments. However,, the issue of moral deterioration and student discipline acknowledged as a  well-known debate that directly impose a negative image in the education system.The purpose of the present research (1) to determine the differences in behavior based on sociodemographic factors among secondary school students in Selangor and (2) to identify the relationship between sociodemographic factors, self-concept, as well as school factors and behavior among students’ secondary school in Selangor. Quantitative approach and survey design were employed in this study. A total of 400 school students aged 14 and 16 from eight secondary schools in the state of Selangor were involved in this study.  Data collection procedure was acquired through self-administered questionnaires and systematic random sampling has been used in the selection of respondents. The t-test analysis found that there were significant differences for all five subscales in behavior (anxiety, withdrawal, somatic problems, aggressive behavior, and rule-breaking behavior) based on gender. Meanwhile, Pearson's correlation result between sociodemographic background and behavior shows that there is a significant relationship between household income and anxiety and the number of siblings with aggressive behavior and somatic problems. The Pearson’s correlation indicates there is a significant relationship between self-concept and all subscales in the school factor and all subscales in internalizing and externalizing behavior. In conclusion, parents, schools, and NGOs, including the organizers of shelters, would investigate deeply the factors influencing teenagers involved in social problems by designing appropriate interactive programs to avoid teenagers involved in social problems ahead.