RISE AND FALL OF CIVILIZATION IN REFERENCE TO AL-QURAN AND CIVILIZATIONAL THEORIES: A COMPARATIVE REVIEW

Abstract

Sunnatullah (The Command of Allah) in the rise and fall of human civilization has actually been destined by God and the matter was heavily mentioned in the al-Quran. This paper aims at clarifying the truth of the Sunnatullah as revealed in the al-Quran by comparing with studies carried out by renowned historical and civilizational scholars. To examine, these civilization advancement theories that have been empirically studies by the scholars such as Ibn Khaldun, Arnold Toynbee and Malik Bennabi are comparatively analysed with those mentioned in the al-Quran. Through this comparative analysis, it is concluded undoubtedly that the Sunnatullah of the rise and fall of civilization as revealed in the al-Quran is a great truth. This conclusion is made based on the consistency of the Quranic facts with the findings given by the scholars through historical proofs and human reality in life.