The effect of laser stitch welding residual stress on the dynamic behaviour of thin steel structure

M. A. S. Aziz Shah; M. A. Yunus; M. N. Abdul Rani; A. M. Saman; M. S. M. Sani; M. S. Mohd Zin

doi:10.15282/jmes.13.4.2019.05.0461

Authors

M. A. S. Aziz Shah Structural Dynamics Analysis and Validation (SDAV), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. Phone: +60355436202; Fax: +60355436202
M. A. Yunus Structural Dynamics Analysis and Validation (SDAV), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. Phone: +60355436202; Fax: +60355436202
M. N. Abdul Rani Structural Dynamics Analysis and Validation (SDAV), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. Phone: +60355436202; Fax: +60355436202
A. M. Saman Structural Dynamics Analysis and Validation (SDAV), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. Phone: +60355436202; Fax: +60355436202
M. S. M. Sani Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia
M. S. Mohd Zin Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15282/jmes.13.4.2019.05.0461

Keywords:

Laser stitch welding, experimental modal analysis, residual stress

Abstract

Laser stitch welding is one of the most reliable and efficient permanent metal joining processes in the automotive industry, particularly in the manufacturing of a car body-in-white (BIW). It is widely known that this welding process induces the generation of residual stresses that can influence the dynamic behaviours of welded structures. In order to accurately predict the dynamic behaviours of these welded structures, it is important to experimentally understand the influence of residual stress. Therefore, this study addresses the finite element modelling method of thin steel welded structures with and without the influences of residual stress in order to identify its effect towards dynamic behaviours. The finite element models of thin steel welded structures are developed by employing the area contact model (ACM2) format element connector. The accuracy of the finite element models is then compared in terms of natural frequencies and mode shapes with the experimental counterparts. The dynamic behaviours of the measured structure are obtained using an impact hammer with free-free boundary conditions. The results demonstrate the importance of considering the influence of laser stitch welding residual stress in predicting the dynamic behaviours of thin steel welded structure.

References

Bang H, Lee Y, Oh C, RO C. Finite element analysis of laser stitch welded high strength steels for automotive. Proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Nondestructive Evaluation. 2007; 786–791.

Joo SM, Bang HS, Han JU, Kim KH, Ahn BH. Laser stitch welding technology for the fabrication of automotive parts. Journal of Korea Welding Joining Society. 2013; 31:1–6.

Rashid ASY, Ramli R, Haris SM, Alias A. Improving the dynamic characteristics of body-in-white structure using structural optimization. Journal of Science. 2014; 1–11.

Rani MNA, Kasolang S, Othman MH, Yunus MA, Mirza WIIWI, Ouyang H. Finite element modelling and modal based updating for the dynamic behaviour of a laser spot welded structure. 21th International Congress on Sound and Vibration. 2016; 1–8.

Sulaiman MSA, Yunus MA, Rani MNA, Saman AM, Mohamed Z, Shah MASA. Characterisation of the dynamic characteristics of a complex jointed structure. Material Sciences Engineering and Chemistry Web of Conferences. 2017; 108: 12001–12005.

Sripichai K, Asim K, Pan J. Stress intensity factor solutions for estimation of fatigue lives of laser welds in lap-shear specimens. Journal of Engineering Fraction Mechanic. 2011;78:1424–1440.

Tsuda H, Sunayama Y, Daimayura M, Kobayashi H. Fatigue strength of laser welded butt joints of different thickness steel sheets with underfilled weld beads. Journal of Society Material Sciences. 2005;54:546–552.

Asim K, Sripichai K, Pan J. Fatigue failure of laser welds in lap-shear specimens of high strength low alloy (HSLA) steels under cyclic loading conditions. Journal Material Manufacturing. 2011;4: 462–473.

Husain NA, Khodaparast HH, Snaylam A, James S, Dearden G, Ouyang H. Finite-element modelling and updating of laser spot weld joints in a top-hat structure for dynamic analysis. Journal of Mechenical Engineering. 2010;224: 851–860.

Yunus MA, Shah MASA, Rani MNA, Mirza WIIWI, Kushairi S. Experimental and finite element analysis of laser stitch welded structure. Journal of Mechanical Engineering. 2017;4:155–162.

Kuratani F, Okuyama M, Yamauchi T, Washior S, Washio S. Finite element modeling of spot welds for vibration analysis. 5th Asian Conference Multibody Dynamic. 2010;2:981–988.

Chee NC, Rahim A, Bakar A. Finite element modeling of arc welded joints. Jurnal Mekanikal. 2007;23:15–30.

Kuppuswamy N, Schmidt R, Seeger F, Zhang S. Finite element modeling of impact strength of laser welds for automotive applications. International Conference of Safety and Security Engineering II. 2007;6: 375–384.

Ha J, Huh H, An Y, Park C. Compatible finite element modelling of laser welded region for crash analysis of autobody assemblies. Journal of Material Innovation. 2011;15:412–416.

Yunus MA, Ouyang H, Rani MNA, Isa AAM. Modal test and model updating for a welded structure made from thin steel sheets. International Congress on Sound and Vibration. 2013;7–11.

Mottershead JE, Friswell MI, Ng GHT, Brandon J. Geometric parameters for finite element model updating of joints and constraints. Mechanical System Signal Process. 1996;10:171–182.

Rani MNA, Stancioiu D, Yunus MA, Ouyang HJ, Deng H, James S. Model updating for a welded structure made from thin steel sheets. Journal of application, Mechanic and Material. 2011;70,117–122.

Yunus MA, Ouyang H, Rani MNA, Misa AA. Modal test and model updating for a welded structure made from thin steel sheets. 20th International Congress on Sound and Vibration. 2013; 2:1161–1167.

Shah MASA, Yunus MA, Rani MNA, Tormidi NA, Isa AAM, Mirza WIIWI. Closed mode separation of the symmetrical structure. Journal of Mechanical Engineering. 2018;5:88–97.

Zin MSM, Rani MNA, Yunus MA, Ayub MA, Sani MSM, Shah MASA. Modal based updating for the dynamic behaviour of a car trunk lid. America Institute Physics Conference Proceedings. 2019;2059:020001–020009.

Omar R, Rani MNA, Mirza WIIWI, Yunus MA, Othman MH. Finite element modelling and updating for bolted lap joints. Journal of Mechanical Engineering. 2017;4:202–222.

Jose E, Anto T. Analysis of tensile test of mild steel using finite element method. International Journal of Innovation and Engineering Technology. 2015;5:247–251.

Heiserer DD, Chargin M, Siela DJ. High performance, process oriented, weld spot approach. 1st Mac Neal-Schwendler Corporation (MSC) Worldwide Automotive User Conference. 1999;1–14.

Sehgal S, Kumar H. Structural dynamic model updating techniques: a state of the art review. Journal of Architecture, Computer Methods Engineering. 23, 515–533, 2016.

Allemang RJ. The modal assurance criterion - Twenty years of use and abuse,” Journal of Sound and Vibration. 2003;37:14–21.

Zahari SN, Zakaria AAR, Sani M, Bujang I. A review on model updating of joint structure for dynamic analysis purpose. Material Sciences Engineering and Chemistry Web of Conferences. 2016;74:00023–00028.

Shah MASA, Yunus MA, Rani MNA, Zin MSM, Mirza WIIWI. Finite element modelling of laser stitch welding joints for structural dynamic predictions. International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering. 2019;16:6566–6567.

Raheem SEA, Zaher AKA, Taha AM. Finite element modeling assumptions impact on seismic response demands of MRF-buildings. Earthquake Engineering and Vibration. 2018;17:821–834.

Langer P, Sepahvand K, Guist C, Marburg S. Finite element modeling for structural dynamic analysis of bolted joints under uncertainty. Procedia Engineering. 2017;199:954–959.

Bai L, Jiang K, Gao L. The influence and mechanism of residual stress on the corrosion behavior of welded structures. Journal of Material. 2018;21:1–8.

März B, Jolley K, Smith R, Wu H. Near surface structure and residual stress in as machined synthetic graphite. Journal of Material. 2018;159:103–116.