Application of low transformation-temperature filler to reduce the residual stresses in welded component

K. Azizpour; H. Moshayedi; I. Sattari-far

doi:10.15282/jmes.13.1.2019.14.0384

Authors

K. Azizpour Mechanical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
H. Moshayedi Young Researchers and Elite Club, Buinzahra Branch, Islamic Azad University, Buinzahra, Iran. Phone: +98 21 64543498
I. Sattari-far Mechanical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15282/jmes.13.1.2019.14.0384

Keywords:

Welding residual stress, low transformation-temperature filler, finite element simulation, coupled thermal-metallurgical-mechanical analyses, phase transformation

Abstract

Tensile residual stress is a major issue in integrity of the welded structures. Undesirable tensile residual stress in welding may reduce fracture toughness and fatigue life of welded structures. The low transformation-temperature (LTT) fillers, due to introducing compressive residual stresses caused by prior martensitic transformation, can reduce tensile residual stresses in the weld zone. The effects of using LTT fillers on welding residual stresses of high strength steel sheets are studied and compared with conventional fillers. 3D finite element simulations including coupled thermal-metallurgical-mechanical analyses are developed using SYSWELD software to predict the welding residual stresses. For validation of the finite element model, the residual stresses are measured through hole drilling strain gage method. The results indicate that using the LTT fillers cause a decrease of the longitudinal tensile residual stresses of the weld metal from 554 MPa to 216 MPa in comparison with conventional fillers. The transverse residual stresses of the weld line are changed from tensile 156 MPa to compressive 289 MPa with using LTT fillers instead of conventional fillers.

References

Yaakob K, Ishak M, Idris S. The effect of pulse welding parameters on weld geometry of boron steel using low power fibre laser. Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences 2017;11(3):2895-905.

Ooi S, Garnham J, Ramjaun T. Low transformation temperature weld filler for tensile residual stress reduction. Materials & Design 2014;56:773-81.

Hussin MH, Lah NAC. Effects of temperature on the surface and subsurface of Al-Mg-Si welded joints. Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences 2017;11(2):2743-54.

Masubuchi K. Recent MIT research on residual stresses and distortion in welded structures. 1993.

Zenitani S, Hayakawa N, Yamamoto J, Hiraoka K, Morikage Y, Kubo T, et al. Development of new low transformation temperature welding consumable to prevent cold cracking in high strength steel welds. Science and Technology of Welding and Joining 2007;12(6):516-22.

Kannengiesser T, Kromm A, Rethmeier M, Gibmeier J, Genzel C. Residual stresses and in situ measurement of phase transformation in low transformation temperature (LTT) welding materials. Advances in X-ray Analysis 2009;52:755-62.

Camilleri D, McPherson N, Gray TG. The applicability of using low transformation temperature welding wire to minimize unwanted residual stresses and distortions. International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 2013;110:2-8.

Özdemir O, Çam G, Çimenoğlu H, Koçak M. Investigation into mechanical properties of high strength steel plates welded with low temperature transformation (LTT) electrodes. International Journal of Surface Science and Engineering 2012;6(1-2):157-73.

Özdemir O, Çam G, Çimenoğlu H, Koçak M. Characterization of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Low Temperature Transformation Welds (LTT). In: 13th International Materials Symposium (IMSP 2010), Turkey, 2010.

Barsoum Z, Gustafsson M. Fatigue of high strength steel joints welded with low temperature transformation consumables. Engineering Failure Analysis 2009;16(7):2186-94.

Ramjaun T, Stone H, Karlsson L, Kelleher J, Ooi S, Dalaei K, et al. Effects of dilution and baseplate strength on stress distributions in multipass welds deposited using low transformation temperature filler alloys. Science and Technology of Welding and Joining 2014;19(6):461-7.

Moat R, Ooi S, Shirzadi A, Dai H, Mark A, Bhadeshia H, et al. Residual stress control of multipass welds using low transformation temperature fillers. Materials Science and Technology 2018;34(5):519-28.

Vollert F, Dixneit J, Gibmeier J, Kromm A, Buslaps T, Kannengiesser T, editors. In situ EDXRD study of MAG-welding using LTT weld filler materials under structural restraint. Materials Science Forum. 2017;905:107-113.

Gach S, Olschok S, Arntz D, Reisgen U. Residual stress reduction of laser beam welds by use of low-transformation-temperature (LTT) filler materials in carbon manganese steels—In situ diagnostic: Image correlation. Journal of Laser Applications 2018;30(3):032416.

Deng Y JW. A Novel Method of Reducing Residual Stress: Low Transformation Temperature (LTT) Weld Filler. Research & Development in Material Science 2018;6(3):578-85.

Nalla R, Altenberger I, Noster U, Liu G, Scholtes B, Ritchie R. On the influence of mechanical surface treatments—deep rolling and laser shock peening—on the fatigue behavior of Ti–6Al–4V at ambient and elevated temperatures. Materials Science and Engineering: A 2003;355(1):216-30.

Elmer J, Olson D, Matlock D. Thermal expansion characteristics of stainless steel weld metal. Welding Journal 1982;61(9):293.

Martinez F, Liu S, editors. Development of compressive residual stress in structural steel weld toes by means of weld metal phase transformations. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference trends in Welding Research (ASM International), Pine Mountain, Georgia, pp 16-20; 2005.

Payares-Asprino M, Katsumoto H, Liu S. Effect of martensite start and finish temperature on residual stress development in structural steel welds. Welding Journal, Research Supplement 2008;87:279s-89s.

Bhadeshia H. Martensite in steels. Materials Science & Metallurgy. 2002.

Çam G, Özdemir O, Koçak M, Progress in low transformation temperature (LTT) filler wires: review. In: Proceedings of the 63rd Annual Assembly & International Conference of the International Institute of Welding, Istanbul, Turkey, pp 759-765; 2010.

Hwang B, Lee T, Kim S. Effect of alloying elements on ductile-to-brittle transition behavior of high-interstitial-alloyed 18Cr-10Mn austenitic steels. Procedia Engineering 2011;10:409-414.

Alghamdi T, Liu S. Low-transformation-temperature (LTT) welding consumables for residual stress management: consumables development and testing qualification. Welding Journal 2014;93(7): 243s-252s.

ASTM E 837-13, Standard test method for determining residual stresses by the hole-drilling strain-gage method. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International, 2013.

Stamenković D, Vasović I. Finite element analysis of residual stress in butt welding two similar plates. Scientific technical review 2009;59(1):57-60.

Goldak JA, Akhlaghi M. Computational welding mechanics. 2005 ed. New York: Springer Science & Business Media; 2006.

Dutta P, Joshi Y, Franche C. Determination of gas tungsten arc welding efficiencies. Experimental thermal and fluid science 1994;9(1):80-9.

Mi G, Li C, Gao Z, Zhao D, Niu J. Finite element analysis of welding residual stress of aluminum plates under different butt joint parameters. Engineering Review 2014;34:161-166.

Francis JD. Welding simulation of aluminum alloy joints by finite element analysis. Virgin, USA: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; 2002.

Jeyakumar M, Christopher T, Narayanan R, Rao B. Residual Stress Evaluation in Butt-welded IN718 Plates. Canadian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 2013;01:88-99.