Optimizing ageing conditions for commercial NiTi archwires: Insights from thermal phase transformation and tensile deformation analysis

Asad Munir; Muhammad Fauzinizam Razali; Abdus Samad Mahmud; Chinwei Ng; Sana Zulfiqar

doi:10.15282/jmes.18.1.2024.4.0779

Authors

Asad Munir School of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. Phone: +6045996382; Fax.: +6045996912
Muhammad Fauzinizam Razali School of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. Phone: +6045996382; Fax.: +6045996912
Abdus Samad Mahmud School of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. Phone: +6045996382; Fax.: +6045996912
Chinwei Ng School of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. Phone: +6045996382; Fax.: +6045996912
Sana Zulfiqar School of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. Phone: +6045996382; Fax.: +6045996912

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15282/jmes.18.1.2024.4.0779

Keywords:

NiTi archwire, Ageing treatment, Tensile deformation, Thermal behaviour, Plateau slope, Superelasticity

Abstract

Superelastic nickel-titanium (NiTi) archwires are now commonly used as the standard archwire during the orthodontic alignment and levelling stage. They are preferred due to their ability to apply minimal force on teeth while allowing for a wide range of tooth movements. During orthodontic treatment, the orthodontist assesses the dimension and shape of the NiTi archwire to determine the amount and direction of force required to align misaligned teeth. The main contribution of this study is the parametric analysis and establishment of a set of optimal ageing temperatures and duration for the investigation of functionally graded nickel-titanium archwire using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and tensile deformation testing. The mechanical and thermal phase transformation behavior after ageing at six temperatures for duration of 15 minutes have been investigated using tensile deformation test and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) test in this paper. Experimental results reveal that in thermal analysis as the ageing temperatures increase from 400 °C to 490 °C, the austenite finish temperature rises to a value between 9.53 °C and 35.48 °C, and subsequently decreases to 520 °C. The archwire specimen aged for temperature of 490 °C exhibited the austenite finish temperature of around 35.48 °C, and it is highest among the aged wire specimens closest to oral temperature. In tensile deformation, the ideal ageing temperature for orthodontic applications was determined to be 490 °C for 15 minutes, resulting in relatively low plateau slope 13.73 GPa with high superelatic ratio 12.04, and maximum plateau strain of 7 %.

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