The behaviour of ternary hybrid nanofluid: Graphene oxide, Aluminium oxide, Silicon dioxide in heat transfer rate

F. M. Hanapiah; Irnie Azlin Zakaria; S. R. Makhsin; N. Hamzan

doi:10.15282/jmes.18.2.2024.2.0789

Authors

F. M. Hanapiah School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. Phone: +60 3-5543 5052; Fax.: +60 3-5543 5042
I. A. Zakaria School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. Phone: +60 3-5543 5052; Fax.: +60 3-5543 5042
S. R. Makhsin School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. Phone: +60 3-5543 5052; Fax.: +60 3-5543 5042
N. Hamzan School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. Phone: +60 3-5543 5052; Fax.: +60 3-5543 5042

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15282/jmes.18.2.2024.2.0789

Keywords:

Nanofluids, Ternary, Hybrid, Cooling plate, Heat transfer, Pressure drop

Abstract

The miniaturization in the design of the electronic system became inevitable due to the rapid advancement and development of technology. This has imposed challenges to the thermal management capability as the heat flux density has increased tremendously due to a smaller heat transfer surface. Nanofluids adoption in electronic cooling seems to be an alternative way for better heat dissipation. This research explores the feasibility of ternary hybrid nanofluids GO: Al₂O₃: SiO₂ in water with different volume concentrations and mixture ratios in a serpentine cooling plate. In this research, 0.01% GO + Al₂O₃: SiO₂, 0.006% GO + Al₂O₃: SiO₂, and 0.008% GO + Al₂O₃: SiO₂ in mixture ratios of 10:90 and 20:80 (Al₂O₃: SiO₂) were studied. The result showed that 0.01% GO + Al₂O₃: SiO₂ (10:90) nanofluids displayed the highest enhancement of heat transfer coefficient with 1.1 times higher as compared to the base fluid. This was then followed by 0.008% GO + Al₂O₃: SiO₂ (10:90) and 0.006% GO + Al₂O₃: SiO₂ (10:90) with 1.03 times and 0.87 times higher heat transfer coefficient enhancement consecutively as compared to the base fluid. In term of mixture ratios, GO in 10:90 (Al₂O₃: SiO₂) performed better than 20:80. To assess the feasibility of adoption, the advantage ratio (AR) was conducted to measure both heat transfer enhancement and pressure drop effect. The AR analysis showed that at the lower Reynolds, Re number region, the 0.01% GO + Al₂O₃: SiO₂ (10:90) ternary hybrid nanofluids was proven to be the most feasible due to a higher ratio of heat transfer enhancement over the pressure drop penalty.

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