Use of Palm Oil Clinker in Concrete Research: A review

Abstract

Concrete is one of the earliest advanced construction materials used to design many structures throughout history. This increased demand for aggregates results in increased environmental destruction and resource loss due to excessive sand and gravel mining. Excessive sand and gravel mining results in resource degradation and exploitation, which harms the environment. To further the concrete industry's sustainability, the study should focus on using alternative renewable materials for concrete construction, such as palm oil waste. On the other hand, Malaysia is the world's second-largest producer of palm oil, after Indonesia, with overall supply accounting for 36% of global demand. Palm oil clinker (POC) is a by-product of waste produced during the oil palm oil and fibre incineration processes deposited in landfills and significantly impacted the environment. The article discusses feedback on POC properties and their impact on the efficiency of concrete. Almost all experts support the idea of transforming waste to energy to preserve valuable green space for more productive uses rather than dumps and reduce dependence on natural resource supplies to ensure the sustainability of all nations' green river ecosystems for prosperity.