Effect of corrosion on mechanical properties of the joining of materials

Authors

  • Mohamed Abbas Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar Phone: +97444037388; Fax: +97444034301
  • Galal M. Abdella Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar Phone: +97444037388; Fax: +97444034301
  • Elsadig O. Eltai Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar Phone: +97444037388; Fax: +97444034301
  • M. Gul Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan-60000, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15282/jmes.14.2.2020.22.0534

Keywords:

Corrosion, Joining of Dissimilar Materials, Failure Analysis, Mechanical Properties

Abstract

The effect of corrosion behavior in critical environmental conditions on the mechanical properties of composite/metal materials joints was investigated by immersing metalic materials into 5wt% hydrochloric acid solutions. The current  study was carried out on a single lab joint with a total thickness of 4mm; thus, a destructive test was undertaken to investigate the corrosion behavior induced degradation of mechanical properties followed by Scanning electron microscope analysis (SEM). The joined specimens were examined under both non-corrosive and corrosive environmental conditions. Moreover, the Taguchi analysis of experimental data for maximizing the required output is carried out to validate the impact and significance of input factors. Experimental results have shown that the weight losses of the mild steel and aluminum materials are 7.45% and 16.7%, respectively, in 5% wt hydrochloric acid after three weeks. The corrosive environment affected  the strength of the joints and obtained an early failure on the joint region that leads to a reduction on the strength of the materials by almost 15% compared to the non-corroded  joint. The joining of non-corroded similar steel obtained the highest maximum stress among all other specimens, where the maximum recorded stress was 140.5MPa as compared to 125MPa for corroded specimen. Furthermore, the mode of failure and hardness tests were obtained and analyzed for all specimens. A significant reduction in the hardness of the materials after exposure to the HCl acid was observed.

References

K. Mori and Y. Abe, “A review on mechanical joining of aluminium and high strength steel sheets by plastic deformation,” Int. J. Light. Mater. Manuf., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–11, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.ijlmm.2018.02.002.

N. Osman, Z. Sajuri, and M. Z. Omar, “Multi-pass friction stirred clad welding of dissimilar joined AA6061 aluminium alloy and brass,” J. Mech. Eng. Sci., vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 4285–4299, 2018, doi: 10.15282/jmes.12.4.2018.22.0368.

J. Zhang, K. Chaisombat, S. He, and C. H. Wang, “Hybrid composite laminates reinforced with glass/carbon woven fabrics for lightweight load bearing structures,” Mater. Des., vol. 36, pp. 75–80, 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2011.11.006.

M. K. G. Abbas, A. Niakan, C. C. Ming, R. Singh, and P. Teo, “Design and numerical analysis of leaf spring using composite materials,” Key Eng. Mater., vol. 723, no. 305, p. 310, 2017, doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.723.305.

N. Sakundarini, Z. Taha, S. H. Abdul-Rashid, and R. A. R. GhaziFtablela, “Optimal multi-material selection for lightweight design of automotive body assembly incorporating recyclability,” Mater. Des., vol. 50, pp. 846–857, 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2013.03.085.

J. M. Munoz-Guijosa, G. Nanaumi, K. Ohtani, and N. Ohtake, “Perpendicular ultrasonic joining of steel to aluminium alloy plates,” J. Mater. Process. Technol., vol. 243, pp. 112–122, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2016.12.010.

F. Adnan, Z. Sajuri, and M. Z. Omar, “Effect of uniaxial load on microstructure and mechanical properties of Thixo-joint AISI D2 tool steel,” J. Mech. Eng. Sci., vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 5006–5020, 2019, doi: 10.15282/jmes.13.2.2019.17.0414.

J. P. M. Pragana, C. M. A. Silva, I. M. F. Bragança, L. M. Alves, and P. A. F. Martins, “A new joining by forming process to produce lap joints in metal sheets,” CIRP Ann., vol. 67, no. 1, pp. 301–304, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.cirp.2018.04.121.

K. Martinsen, S. J. Hu, and B. E. Carlson, “Joining of dissimilar materials,” CIRP Ann. - Manuf. Technol., vol. 64, pp. 679–699, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.cirp.2015.05.006.

H. A. Khan, W. M. Wang, K. Wang, S. Li, S. Miller, and J. Li, “Investigation of mechanical behavior of dissimilar material FSBR joints exposed to a marine environment,” J. Manuf. Process., vol. 37, pp. 376–385, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.jmapro.2018.12.011.

J. Min, J. Li, Y. Li, B. E. Carlson, J. Lin, and W. M. Wang, “Friction stir blind riveting for aluminum alloy sheets,” J. Mater. Process. Technol., vol. 215, pp. 20–29, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2014.08.005.

J. Min, Y. Li, B. E. Carlson, S. J. Hu, J. Li, and J. Lin, “A new single-sided blind riveting method for joining dissimilar materials,” CIRP Ann. - Manuf. Technol., vol. 64, pp. 13–16, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.cirp.2015.04.047.

S. A. Tekalur, A. VanderKlok, W. Zhang, and A. Dutta, “Evaluating bolted joint strength at high strain rates,” in Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series, 2012, pp. 1–4, doi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-4553-1_1.

H. Adin, “The investigation of the effect of angle on the failure load and strength of scarf lap joints,” Int. J. Mech. Sci., vol. 61, pp. 24–31, 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2012.04.010.

F. A. Stuparu, D. A. Apostol, D. M. Constantinescu, C. R. Picu, M. Sandu, and S. Sorohan, “Local evaluation of adhesive failure in similar and dissimilar single-lap joints,” Eng. Fract. Mech., vol. 183, pp. 39–52, Oct. 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2017.05.029.

J. Li, Y. Yan, T. Zhang, and Z. Liang, “Experimental study of adhesively bonded CFRP joints subjected to tensile loads,” Int. J. Adhes. Adhes., vol. 57, pp. 95–104, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2014.11.001.

M. Mariam, M. Afendi, M. S. Abdul Majid, M. J. M. Ridzuan, and A. G. Gibson, “Tensile and fatigue properties of single lap joints of aluminium alloy/glass fibre reinforced composites fabricated with different joining methods,” Compos. Struct., vol. 200, pp. 647–658, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.06.003.

X. Shang, E. A. S. Marques, J. J. M. Machado, R. J. C. Carbas, D. Jiang, and L. F. M. da Silva, “Review on techniques to improve the strength of adhesive joints with composite adherends,” Compos. Part B Eng., vol. 177, p. 107363, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107363.

A. Streitferdt, N. Rudolph, and I. Taha, “Co-Curing of CFRP-Steel Hybrid Joints Using the Vacuum Assisted Resin Infusion Process,” Appl. Compos. Mater., vol. 24, pp. 1137–1149, 2017, doi: 10.1007/s10443-016-9575-3.

L. D. R. Grant, R. D. Adams, and L. F. M. da Silva, “Experimental and numerical analysis of single-lap joints for the automotive industry,” Int. J. Adhes. Adhes., vol. 29, pp. 405–413, 2009, doi: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2008.09.001.

M. K. G. Abbas, N. Sakundarini, and I. Kong, “Optimal Selection for Dissimilar Materials using Adhesive Bonding and Mechanical Joining,” IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 469, p. 012051, 2019, doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/469/1/012051.

D. Borrie, H. B. Liu, X. L. Zhao, R. K. Singh Raman, and Y. Bai, “Bond durability of fatigued CFRP-steel double-lap joints pre-exposed to marine environment,” Compos. Struct., vol. 131, pp. 799–809, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.06.021.

E. Mahdi and E. Eltai, “Development of cost-effective composite repair system for oil/gas pipelines,” Compos. Struct., vol. 202, pp. 802–806, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.04.025.

L. Li, M. Mahmoodian, C. Q. Li, and D. Robert, “Effect of corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement on microstructure and mechanical properties of mild steel,” Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 170, pp. 78–90, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.03.023.

E. O. Eltai, F. Musharavati, and E. S. Mahdi, “Severity of corrosion under insulation (CUI) to structures and strategies to detect it,” Corros. Rev., vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 1–12, 2019, doi: 10.1515/corrrev-2018-0102.

E. Mahdi, A. Rauf, and E. O. Eltai, “Effect of temperature and erosion on pitting corrosion of X100 steel in aqueous silica slurries containing bicarbonate and chloride content,” Corros. Sci., vol. 83, pp. 48–58, 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.corsci.2014.01.021.

E. Mahdi, E. O. Eltai, and A. Rauf, “The impact of metal inert gas welding on the corrosion and mechanical behavior of AA 6061 T6,” Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., vol. 9, pp. 1087–1101, 2014.

E. Eltai, K. Al-Khalifa, A. Al-Ryashi, E. Mahdi, and A. S. Hamouda, “Investigating the corrosion under insulation (CUI) on steel pipe exposed to Arabian Gulf sea water drops,” Key Eng. Mater., vol. 689, pp. 148–153, 2016, doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.689.148.

L. Calabrese, E. Proverbio, G. Galtieri, and C. Borsellino, “Effect of corrosion degradation on failure mechanisms of aluminium/steel clinched joints,” Mater. Des., vol. 87, pp. 473–481, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2015.08.053.

V. Bystrianský, A. Krausová, J. Macák, J. Děd, E. Eltai, and A. M. Hamouda, “Beneficial effect of shot peening on steamside oxidation of 300-series austenitic steels: An electrochemical study,” Appl. Surf. Sci., vol. 427, pp. 680–685, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.08.035.

E. S. Mahdi and E. O. Eltai, “Study on the impact of welding on the corrosion properties of AA 6061 T6,” Appl. Mech. Mater., vol. 575, pp. 210–213, 2014, doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.575.210.

E. Eltai, E. Mahdi, and A. Alfantazi, “The effects of gas tungsten arch welding on the corrosion and mechanical properties of AA 6061 T6,” Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., vol. 8, pp. 7004–7015, 2013.

R. A. Kishore, R. Tiwari, A. Dvivedi, and I. Singh, “Taguchi analysis of the residual tensile strength after drilling in glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites,” Mater. Des., vol. 30, pp. 2186–2190, 2009, doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2008.08.035.

N. I. S. Hussein, S. Laily, M. S. Salleh, and M. N. Ayof, “Statistical analysis of second repair welding on dissimilar material using Taguchi method,” J. Mech. Eng. Sci., vol. 13, pp. 5021–5030, 2019, doi: 10.15282/jmes.13.2.2019.18.0415.

G. M. Abdella, K. Yang, and A. Alaeddini, “Multivariate adaptive approach for monitoring simple linear profiles,” Int. J. Data Anal. Tech. Strateg., vol. 6, pp. 2–14, 2014, doi: 10.1504/IJDATS.2014.059012.

M. Jamil and E. Y. K. Ng, “Ranking of parameters in bioheat transfer using Taguchi analysis,” Int. J. Therm. Sci., vol. 63, pp. 15–21, 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2012.07.002.

C. C. Chamis, “Simplified procedures for designing composite bolted joints,” Soc. Plast. Ind. Reinf. Plast. Institute, Annu. Conf. - Proc., vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 614–626, 1990, doi: 10.1177/073168449000900607.

Downloads

Published

2020-06-22

How to Cite

[1]
M. Abbas, G. M. Abdella, E. O. Eltai, and M. Gul, “Effect of corrosion on mechanical properties of the joining of materials”, J. Mech. Eng. Sci., vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 6822–6834, Jun. 2020.

Issue

Section

Article