Synthesis of Oil Palm Frond (OPF) Based Silica Nanomaterial via Sol-gel Method with Enhanced Phenol Removal

Abstract

This research investigates the potential of the oil palm frond (OPF), a well-known biomass from the oil palm industry, as a feasible silica precursor that can be utilised in the removal of phenol from an aqueous solution. Dried OPF was combusted to obtain OPF ash that was treated with citric acid before being synthesised as silica nanomaterial via the sol-gel method. The FTIR results of synthesised silica exhibit a similar peak with commercially available silica. Silica material was then used for phenol removal under different parameters including pH, contact time, dosage, concentration, and temperature, then analysed using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. The optimum condition was obtained at pH 7 within 45 mins of contact time using 0.2 g/L silica dosage under 10 ppm of phenol concentration at 303 K that aid in enhancing phenol removal by the OPF-based silica. At this condition, silica nanomaterial successfully removed up to 68% of phenol in an aqueous solution with adsorption capacity of the adsorbent is within the range of 34 mg/g. These results demonstrate the potential application of silica nanomaterial from OPF as an adsorbent in phenol removal from wastewater.