DEVELOPING WEB-BASED QUEUE MANAGEMENT IN OUTPATIENT CLINICS WITH QKLINIK

Authors

  • Nur Hanis Sabrina Suhaimi Faculty of Information Science and Technology

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15282//ijsecs.11.2.2025.12.0144

Keywords:

Online queue management , Web-based system , Outpatient clinics , Healthcare digitalisation , Real-time notification

Abstract

In outpatient clinics, where extended patient waits times frequently result in discontent and inefficient workflow, effective queue management is still a recurring problem. The effectiveness of current digital queuing systems in cutting down on overall waiting time is sometimes limited by their lack of interaction with pharmacy services or mobile-based real-time updates. In order to improve patient flow and service transparency in outpatient settings, this study introduces QKlinik, a web-based queue management system. Through an integrated interface, the system enables patients to easily make pharmacy purchases, track real-time wait status, and reserve queue numbers online using QR codes. The system was developed iteratively via planning, design, development, testing, and evaluation phases using the Agile methodology. PHP, HTML, and PhpMyAdmin were used to implement the prototype and maintain the backend data. Despite not having been verified in a real-world clinical setting yet, QKlinik was put through simulated user assessments and black box testing with patients, physicians, and clinic employees. According to the results, the system successfully lowers perceived waiting time, maintains precise queue sequencing, and offers a smooth and user-friendly experience, with an average usability rating of 4.78 out of 5. All things considered, QKlinik shows how web-based queue management may enhance clinical operations and raise patient happiness in outpatient environments.

References

[1] Rema V, Sikdar K. Optimizing patient waiting time in the outpatient department of a multi-specialty Indian hospital: the role of technology adoption and queue-based Monte Carlo simulation. SN Comput Sci. 2021;2(3):1–9. doi:10.1007/s42979-021-00595-8.

[2] Zhang H, Ma WM, Zhu JJ. How to adjust the expected waiting time to improve patient satisfaction? BMC Health Serv Res. 2023;23:455. doi:10.1186/s12913-023-09385-9.

[3] Kwak JK. Analysis of the waiting time in clinic registration of patients with appointments and random walk-ins. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(3):2635. doi:10.3390/ijerph20032635.

[4] Wang P, Yu L, Li T, Zhou L, Ma X. Use of mobile technologies to streamline pre-triage patient flow in the emergency department: observational usability study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2024;12:e54642. doi:10.2196/54642.

[5] Cao W, Wan Y, Tu H, et al. A web-based appointment system to reduce waiting for outpatients: a retrospective study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2011;11:318. doi:10.1186/1472-6963-11-318.

[6] Ehrler F, Rochat J, Siebert JN, Guessous I, Lovis C, Spechbach H. Use of a semi-automatic text message system to improve satisfaction with wait time in the adult emergency department: cross-sectional survey study. JMIR Med Inform. 2022;10(9):e34488. doi:10.2196/34488.

[7] Li Y, Chen Z, Wang H. Digital transformation in hospital operations: a review of queue optimization systems. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2023;23(1):214. doi:10.1186/s12911-023-02141-7.

[8] Nasr M, Patel R, Almarzooq Z. Evaluation of web-based appointment systems for primary care efficiency. JMIR Form Res. 2024;8:e48217. doi:10.2196/48217.

[9] Kanzaria HK, Nguyen C, Kolenic GE, Brandes ER, Krumholz HM, Venkatesh AK. Reducing missed appointments through predictive overbooking and targeted reminders: a quality improvement project at Kaiser Permanente Washington. J Gen Intern Med. 2022;37(8):2041–2048. doi:10.1007/s11606-022-07455-6.

[10] Hoogland R, van der Veer SN, Jansen-Kosterink S, op den Akker H, Hermens HJ. Barriers and facilitators to the use of eHealth by older adults: a scoping review. BMC Public Health. 2021;21:1516. doi:10.1186/s12889-021-11623-w.

[11] Alalwan N, Kausar N, Aljazzaf Z, Alenezi M. Accessible and inclusive mHealth: towards universal healthcare access. arXiv. 2023 Jul 14. [Online] Available from: https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.07723

[12] Maramba I, Chatterjee A, Newman C. Methods of usability testing in the development of eHealth applications: a scoping review. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2019;7(1):e15060. doi:10.2196/15060.

[13] Lee J, Park S, Kim H. Designing accessible digital health platforms for older adults: a usability perspective. BMC Geriatr. 2023;23(1):559. doi:10.1186/s12877-023-04179-3.

[14] Ghahramani A, de Courten M, Prokofieva M. The potential of social media in health promotion beyond creating awareness: an integrative review. BMC Public Health. 2022;22(1):2402. doi:10.1186/s12889-022-14885-0.

[15] Cowie J, Calveley E, Bowers G, Bowers J. Evaluation of a digital consultation and self-care advice tool in primary care: a multi-methods study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(12):4446. doi:10.3390/ijerph17124446.

[16] Wang H, Yu CH, Yang X. Web accessibility enhancement for medical consultation platforms. In: Computer Science and Education (ICCSE 2023). Commun Comput Inf Sci. Singapore: Springer; 2024. p. 21–33. doi:10.1007/978-981-97-0730-0_3.

[17] Hussin NH, et al. Exploring usability and user experience of healthcare mobile applications: a Malaysian perspective. Multimedia University Institutional Repository [Online]. 2022. Available from: https://shdl.mmu.edu.my/12833

[18] Al Fannah J, Al-Khabori M, Al-Saadoon M, et al. Agile teams and lean methods in a tertiary care hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic. Oman Med J. 2022;37(2):e343. doi:10.5001/omj.2022.16.

[19] Kumar S, Gupta D. Applying agile and Scrum in healthcare information systems development. Healthc Inform Res. 2023;29(4):297–306. doi:10.4258/hir.2023.29.4.297.

[20] Park H, Lin C, Ahmad M. Simulation-based optimization of outpatient flow using web-based queuing tools. PLoS One. 2024;19(2):e0295112. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0295112.

[21] Nunnally JC, Bernstein IH. Psychometric theory. 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1994.

Published

2026-01-21

How to Cite

[1]
N. H. S. Suhaimi, “DEVELOPING WEB-BASED QUEUE MANAGEMENT IN OUTPATIENT CLINICS WITH QKLINIK”, IJSECS, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 147–159, Jan. 2026, doi: 10.15282//ijsecs.11.2.2025.12.0144.

Similar Articles

1-10 of 81

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.