A Short Review on the Utilization of Pozzolan Material in Concrete

Authors

  • Shuhaimi Shaedon Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
  • Azrina Abd Aziz Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
  • Rahimah Embong Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15282/construction.v4i2.9884

Keywords:

Concrete , Pozzolan, Oil palm shell, Agricultural waste, Industrial waste

Abstract

This paper provides a short review on the agricultural waste and industrial waste as pozzolan material in concrete. The pre-treatment method, characterization process and the engineering properties of a suite of pozzolans used including rice husk ash (RHA), corn cob ash (CCA), sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA), bamboo leave, oil palm shell (OPS), and others was studied. From the study, the agricultural waste which is Oil Palm Shell is highlighted to be use as pozzolan material in concrete apart for other used. Oil Palm Shell (OPS) ash as one of the agricultural based pozzolan gained less popularity due to its relatively low amorphous silica content after incineration process (< 50% silica). Therefore, an alternative approach was studied form the previous researcher to extract high proportion of amorphous silica from OPS ash that fulfils the minimum requirement of pozzolanic standard.

References

S.H. Kosmatka, B. Kerkhoff and W.C. Panarese, Design and control of concrete mixtures (No. CD100), 14th Edn., Portland Cement Association, U.S.A., 2003.

N. Ranjbar, A. Behnia, B. Alsubari, P.M. Birgani, and M.Z. Jumaat, “Durability and mechanical properties of self-compacting concrete incorporating palm oil fuel ash,” Journal Cleaner Production, vol. 112, pp. 723–730, 2016.

M.B. Ahsan, Z. Hossain, “Supplemental use of rice husk ash (RHA) as a cementitious material in concrete industry,” Construction Building Material, vol. 178, pp. 1–9, 2018.

J. Gudainiyan and K. Kishore, “A review on cement concrete strength incorporated with agricultural waste,” Materials Today Proceedings, vol. 78, no. 3, pp. 396-402, 2023.

S.C. Paul, P.B.K. Mbewe, S.Y. Kong, and B. Šavija, “Agricultural solid waste as source of supplementary cementitious materials in developing countries,” Materials, vol. 12, no. 7, p. 1112, 2019.

J.K. Prusty, S.K. Patro and S.S. Basarkar, “Concrete using agro-waste as fine aggregate for sustainable built environment – A review,” International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 312-333, 2016.

A. Rashad, “Cementitious materials and agricultural wastes as natural fine aggregate replacement in conventional mortar and concrete,” Journal of Building Engineering, vol. 5, pp. 119-141, 2016.

A. Laurent, I. Bakas, J. Clavreul, A. Bernstad, M. Niero and E. Gentil, “Review of LCA studies of solid waste management systems - Part I: Lessons learned and perspectives,” Waste Management, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 573–588, 2014.

R. Rixom and N. Mailvaganam, Report on Chemical Admixtures for Concrete, Third Edition, E. & FN SPON, 2016.

K.H. Mo, T.C. Ling, U.J. Alengaram, S.P. Yap, and C.W. Yuen, “Overview of supplementary cementitious materials usage in lightweight aggregate concrete construct,” Building Material, vol. 139, pp. 403-418, 2017.

P. Norrarat, W. Tangchirapat, S. Songpiriyakij, and C. Jaturapitakkul, “Evaluation of strengths from cement hydration and slag reaction of mortars containing high volume of ground river sand and GGBF slag,” Advance Civil Engineering, vol. 2019, no. 1, p. 4892015, 2019.

P. Perumal, H. Sreenivasan, T. Luukkonen, A. M. Kantola, V. V. Telkki, P. Kinnunen, M. Illikainen, “High strength one-part alkali-activated slag blends designed by particle packing optimization,” Construction Building Material, vol. 299, p. 124004, 2021.

P.R. de Matos, R. Junckes, E. Graeff, L.R. Prudêncio, “Effectiveness of fly ash in reducing the hydration heat release of mass concrete,” Journal Building Engineering, vol. 28, p. 101063, 2020.

J.Y. Richard Liew, M.-X. Xiong, B.-L. Lai, “Special considerations for high strength materials,” Design of Steel-Concrete Composite Structures Using High-Strength Materials, pp. 125-142, 2021.

N. Abdelmelek and E. Lubloy, “The impact of metakaolin, silica fume and fly ash on the temperature resistance of high strength cement paste,” Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, vol. 147, no. 4, pp. 2895-2906, 2022.

R. Muralidharan, T. Park, H.M. Yang, S.Y. Lee, K. Subbiah, and H.S. Lee, “Review of the effects of supplementary cementitious materials and chemical additives on the physical, mechanical and durability properties of hydraulic concrete,” Materials, vol. 14, p. 23, 2021.

M.K. Dash, S.K. Patro and A.K. Rath,” Sustainable use of industrial-waste as partial replacement of fine aggregate for preparation of concrete – A review,” International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment, vol. 5, pp. 484-516, 2016.

M.A.O. Mydin, N.H. Sor, F. Althoey, Y.O. Özkılıç, M.M.A.B. Abdullah, H.F. Isleem et al., “Performance of lightweight foamed concrete partially replacing cement with industrial and agricultural wastes: microstructure characteristics, thermal conductivity, and hardened properties,” Ain Shams Engineering Journal, vol. 14, no. 11, p. 102546, 2023.

A.S. Mohammed, N.N. Hilal, T.K.M. Ali and N.H. Sor, “An investigation of the effect of walnut shell as sand replacement on the performance of cement mortar subjected to elevated temperatures,” Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 1973, no. 1, p. 012034, 2021.

N. Bheel, M.O.A. Ali, Y. Liu, T. Tafsirojjaman, P. Awoyera, N.H. Sor, et al., “Utilization of corn cob ash as fine aggregate and ground granulated blast furnace slag as cementitious material in concrete,” Buildings, vol. 11, no. 9, p. 422, 2021.

G.S.V. Hariharan, “Studies on the synthesized nano silica obtained from bagasse ash,” International Journal of Chemtecg Research, vol. 5, pp. 1263-1266, 2013.

A. Kusbiantoro, R. Embong, and A.A. Aziz, “Strength and microstructural properties of mortar containing soluble silica from sugarcane bagasse ash,” Key Engineering Materials, vol. 765, pp. 269- 274, 2018.

C.P. Faizul, C. Abdullah and B. Fazlul, “Extraction of silica from palm ashvia citric acid leaching treatment,” Advances in Environmental Biology, vol. 7, no. 12, pp. 3690-3695, 2013.

R. Bhardwaj and V. Gupta, “Characterization techniques for nanomaterials in nanoelectronics: A review,” 2nd International Conference on Role of Technology in Nation Building, pp. 1-3.

J.M. Hollas, “Modern Spectroscopy,” Fourth Edition by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2004.

X. Yan, S. Dai, I.T. Graham, X. He, K. Shan and X. Liu, “Determination of Eu concentrations in coal, fly ash and sedimentary rocks using a cation exchange resin and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS),” International Journal of Coal Geology, vol. 191, pp. 152–156, 2018.

O. Tunç Dede, “A case study for measurement uncertainty of heavy metal analysis in drinking water with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS),” Analytical Methods, vol. 8, no. 25, pp. 5087–5094, 2016.

V.S. Somerset, L.F. Petrik, R.A. White, M.J. Klink, D. Key, and E. Iwuoha, “The use of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis in predicting the alkaline hydrothermal conversion of fly ash precipitates into zeolites,” Talanta, vol. 64, no. 1, pp. 109-114, 2004.

Y. Leng, “Materials Characterisation: Introduction to Microscopic and Spectroscopic Methods,” John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd, 2010.

R.M. Mohamed, I.A. Mkhalid and M.A. Barakat, “Rice husk ash as a renewable source for the production of zeolite NaY and its characterization,” Arabian Journal of Chemistry, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 48–53, 2015.

N. Johar, I. Ahmad, I. and A. Dufresne, “Extraction, preparation and characterization of cellulose fibres and nanocrystals from rice husk,” Industrial Crops and Products, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 93-99, 2012.

S. Donatello, M. Tyrer, and C.R. Cheeseman, “Comparison of test methods to assess pozzolanic activity,” Cement and Concrete Composites, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 121–127, 2010.

L. Rodier, K. Bilba, C. Onésippe and M.A. Arsène, “Study of pozzolanic activity of bamboo stem ashes for use as partial replacement of cement,” Materials and Structures, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 1-14, 2017.

V. Ríos-Parada, V.G. Jiménez-Quero, P.L. Valdez-Tamez, P. Montes-García, “Characterization and use of an untreated Mexican sugarcane bagasse ash as supplementary material for the preparation of ternary concretes,” vol. 157, pp. 83-95, 2017.

Y. Lin, U.J. Alengaram and Z. Ibrahim, “Effect of treated and untreated rice husk ash, palm oil fuel ash, and sugarcane bagasse ash on the mechanical, durability, and microstructure characteristics of blended concrete – A comprehensive review, Journal of Building Engineering, vol. 78, p. 107500, 2023.

V. Jittin, A. Bahurudeen, and S.D. Ajinkya, “Utilization of rice husk ash for cleaner production of different construction products,” Journal Cleaner Production, vol. 263, p. 121578, 2020.

B. Singh, “13 - rice husk ash,” Waste and Supplementary Cementitious Materials in Concrete, Woodhead Publishing, pp. 417-460, 2018.

ASTM C191, Standard Test Methods for Time of Setting of Hydraulic Cement by Vicat Needle, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2013.

P. Lura and O. M. Jensen, “Measuring techniques for autogenous strain of cement paste,” Material and Structure, vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 431-440, 2007.

P. Rıza, D. Ramazan, and K. Fatma, “The effect of nano-MgO on the setting time, autogenous shrinkage, microstructure and mechanical properties of high-performance cement paste and mortar,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 156, pp. 208-218, 2017.

R. Polat, R. Demirboğa, and F. Karagöl, “Comparison of nano and micro sizes of cao and mgo on the physical and mechanical properties of cement paste and mortar,” International Conference of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sarajevo, 2016.

R. Polat, R. Demirboga, and W.H. Khushefati, “Effects of nano and micro size of CaO and MgO, nano-clay and expanded perlite aggregate on the autogenous shrinkage of mortar,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 81, pp. 268-275, 2015.

Z.L. Zhuang, L. Baowen, M.B. Diego, S. Aimin, Y. Tong, and L.L. Yan, “Effects of pre-curing treatment and chemical accelerators on Portland cement mortars at low temperature (5°C),” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 240, pp. 117893, 2020.

Q. Ye, K.K. Yu, and Z.A. Zhang, “Expansion of ordinary Portland cement paste varied with nano-MgO,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 78, pp. 189–193, 2015.

P. Hou, Y. Cai, X. Cheng, X. Zhang, Z. Zhou, Z. Ye et al., “Effects of the hydration reactivity of ultrafine magnesium oxide on cement-based materials,” Magazine of Concrete Research, vol. 69, no. 22, pp. 1135-1145. 2017.

L. Xinxin, X. Qing, and C. Shenghong, “An experimental and numerical study on water permeability of concrete,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 105, pp. 503-510, 2016.

S.H. Chen, Hydraulic Structures. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, 2015.

M. Surajit and P.S. Richi, “Experimental investigation on strength and water permeability of mortar incorporate with rice straw ash,” Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 2016, no. 1, p. 9696505, 2016.

M. Arif, S.D. Hasan, and S. Siddiqui, “Effect of nano silica on strength and permeability of concrete,” Materials Today: Proceedings, In-press, 2023.

J. Kanadasan, A.F.A. Fauzi, H.A. Razak, P. Selliah, V. Subramaniam and S. Yusoff, “Feasibility studies of palm oil mill waste aggregates for the construction industry,” Materials, vol. 8, pp. 6508-6530, 2015.

A. Baikerikar, S. Mudalgi and V.V. Ram, “Utilization of waste glass powder and waste glass sand in the production of Eco-Friendly concrete,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 377, no. 9, p. 131078, 2023.

S. Liu, G. Xie and S. Wang, “Effect of glass powder on microstructure of cement pastes,” Advances in Cement Research, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 259-267, 2015.

J. Alvarez, G. Lopez, M. Amutio, J. Bilbao and M. Olazar, “Upgrading the rice husk char obtained by flash pyrolysis for the production of amorphous silica and high quality activated carbon,” Bioresource Technology, vol. 170, pp. 132-137, 2014.

J. Shim, P. Velmurugan and B.T. Oh, “Extraction and physical characterization of amorphous silica made from corn cob ash at variable pH conditions via sol gel processing,” Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, vol. 30, pp. 249-253, 2015.

V. Vaibhav, U. Vijayalakshmi, S.M. Roopan, “Agricultural waste as a source for the production of silica nanoparticles, Spectrochimica Acta,” Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, vol. 139, pp. 515-520, 2015.

K.Y. Ming, H. Mahmud, C.A. Bee and C.Y. Ming, “Effects of heat treatment on oil palm shell coarse aggregates for high strength lightweight concrete,” Materials & Design (1980-2015), vol. 54, pp. 702-707, 2014.

Y.B. Traore, A. Messan, K. Hannawi, J. Gerard, W. Prince and F. Tsobnang, “Effect of oil palm shell treatment on the physical and mechanical properties of lightweight concrete,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 161, pp. 452-460, 2018.

A. Namdar and F.M. Yahaya, “Oil palm shell ash - cement mortar mixture and modification of mechanical properties,” International Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 173-175, 2014.

M.A Mannan and C. Ganapathy, “Concrete from an agricultural waste-oil palm shell (OPS),” Building and Environment, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 441-448, 2004.

W.W.S. Chai, D.T.C. Lee and C.K. Ng “Improving the properties of oil palm shell (OPS) concrete using Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) coated aggregates,” Advanced Materials Research, vol. 970, pp. 147–152, 2014.

Downloads

Published

2024-09-18

How to Cite

Shaedon, S., Abd Aziz, A., & Embong, R. (2024). A Short Review on the Utilization of Pozzolan Material in Concrete. CONSTRUCTION, 4(2), 208–221. https://doi.org/10.15282/construction.v4i2.9884

Issue

Section

Review Article