Thermal conductivity and viscosity of deionized water and ethylene glycol-based nanofluids

Authors

  • A. Abdullah Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia
  • I.S. Mohamad Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia
  • A.Y. Bani Hashim Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia
  • N. Abdullah Centre for Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Sungai Besi, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  • P.B. Wei Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia
  • M.H. Md. Isa Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia
  • S. Zainal Abidin Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15282/jmes.10.3.2016.4.0210

Keywords:

Nanofluids; thermal conductivity; viscosity.

Abstract

This paper focused on thermal conductivity and viscosity of deionised water and ethylene glycol-based nanofluids at three different temperatures (6C, 25C and 40C). For the preparation of nanofluids, a two-step method, comprised of homogenisation and sonication, was used on a mixture of MWCNT-OH, PVP and the base fluid. The results revealed that thermal conductivity was enhanced by about 8.86% for 0.8 wt% deionised water-based MWCNT-OH nanofluid, and by 5.37% for 0.2 wt% ethylene glycol-based MWCNT-OH nanofluid. Meanwhile, in viscosity test, the highest temperature of 40C exhibited lowest viscosity. This phenomenon happened only with ethylene glycol-based nanofluid, whilst the data on the viscosity of deionised water-based nanofluid was inconsistent at certain nanofluid concentrations. In conclusion, addition of MWCNT-OH into base fluid enhanced base fluid performance, giving it the potential to be used in cooling system applications.

References

Mukherjee S, Paria S. Preparation and stability of nanofluids-A Review. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering. 2013;9:63-9.

Nambeesan KPV, Parthiban R, Ram Kumar K, Athul UR, Vivek M, Thirumalini

S. Experimental study of heat transfer enhancement in automobile radiator using Al2O3/water–ethylene glycol nanofluid coolants. International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering. 2015;12:2857-65.

Abdolbaqi MK, Azwadi CSN, Mamat R, Azmi WH, Najafi GN. Nanofluids heat transfer enhancement through straight channel under turbulent flow. International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering. 2015;11:2294-305.

Ravisankar B, Tara Chand V. Influence of nanoparticle volume fraction, particle size and temperature on thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanofluids- A review. International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering. 2013;8:1316-38.

Singh N, Chand G, Kanagaraj S. Investigation of thermal conductivity and viscosity of carbon nanotubes–ethylene glycol nanofluids. Heat Transfer Engineering. 2012;33:821-7.

Redhwan AAM, Azmi WH, Sharif MZ, Hagos FY. Development of nanolubricant automotive air conditioning (AAC) test rig. MATEC Web of Conferences. 2017;90.

Najiha M, Rahman M, Kadirgama K. Performance of water-based TiO2 nanofluid during the minimum quantity lubrication machining of aluminium alloy, AA6061- T6. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2016;In press.

Zakaria I, Michael Z, Mohamed WANW, Mamat AMI, Azmi WH, Mamat R, et al. A review of nanofluid adoption in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells as an alternative coolant. Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences. 2015;8:1351-66.

Abdul Hamid K, Azmi WH, Mamat R, Usri NA, Najafi G. Effect of temperature on heat transfer coefficient of titanium dioxide in ethylene glycol-based nanofluid. Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences. 2015;8:1367-75.

Hussein AM, Sharma KV, Bakar RA, Kadirgama K. Heat transfer enhancement with nanofluids – A Review. Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences. 2013;4:452-61.

Bairwa DK, Upman KK, Kantak G. Nanofluids and its Applications. International Journal of Engineering, Management & Sciences. 2015;2:14-7.

Premalatha M, Jeevaraj AKS. Preparation and Characterization of Hydroxyl (- OH) Functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT)-Dowtherm A Nanofluids. Particulate Science and Technology. 2016.

Nasiri A, Shariaty-Niasar M, Rashidi AM, Khodafarin R. Effect of CNT structures on thermal conductivity and stability of nanofluid. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. 2012;55:1529-35.

Azmi WH, Sharma KV, Mamat R, Anuar S. Nanofluid properties for forced convection heat transfer: an overview. Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences. 2013;4:397-408.

Chopkar M, Kumar S, Bhandari D, Das PK, Manna I. Development and characterization of Al 2 Cu and Ag 2 Al nanoparticle dispersed water and ethylene glycol based nanofluid. Materials Science and Engineering: B. 2007;139:141-8.

Xie H, Lee H, Youn W, Choi M. Nanofluids containing multiwalled carbon nanotubes and their enhanced thermal conductivities. Journal of Applied Physics. 2003;94:4967-71.

Yogeswaran M, Kadirgama K, Rahman MM, Devarajan R. Temperature analysis when using ethylene-glycol-based TiO2 as a new coolant for milling. International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering. 2015;11:2272-81.

Usri NA, Azmi WH, Mamat R, Abdul Hamid K. Forced Convection heat transfer using water- ethylene glycol (60:40) based nanofluids in automotive cooling system. International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering. 2015;11:2747-55.

Fadhillahanafi N, Leong K, Risby M. Stability and thermal conductivity characteristics of carbon nanotube based nanofluids. International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering. 2013;8:1376-84.

Mingzheng Z, Guodong X, Jian L, Lei C, Lijun Z. Analysis of factors influencing thermal conductivity and viscosity in different kinds of surfactant solutions. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science. 2012;36:22-9.

Marquis F, Chibante L. Improving the heat transfer of nanofluids and nanolubricants with carbon nanotubes. Jom. 2005;57:32-43.

Duan F, Kwek D, Crivoi A. Viscosity affected by nanoparticle aggregation in Al2O3-water nanofluids. Nanoscale Research Letters. 2011;6:248.

Garg P, Alvarado JL, Marsh C, Carlson TA, Kessler DA, Annamalai K. An experimental study on the effect of ultrasonication on viscosity and heat transfer performance of multi-wall carbon nanotube-based aqueous nanofluids. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. 2009;52:5090-101.

Hussein AM, Sharma KV, Bakar RA, Kadirgama K. Heat transfer enhancement with nanofluids–a review. Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences. 2013;4:452-61.

Lamas B, Abreu B, Fonseca A, Martins N, Oliveira M. Assessing colloidal stability of long term MWCNT based nanofluids. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 2012;381:17-23.

Wan Dalina WAD, Mariatti M, Mohd Ishak ZA, Mohamed AR. Comparison of properties of mwcnt/carbon fibre/ epoxy laminated composites prepared by solvent spraying method. International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering. 2014;10:1901-9.

Fadhillahanafi NM, Leong KY, Risby MS. Stability and Thermal Conductivity Characteristics of Carbon Nanotube based Nanofluids. International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering. 2013;8:1376-84.

Sundar Raj C, Sendilvelan S. Effect of oxygenated hydrocarbon additives on exhaust emission of a diesel engine. International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering. 2010;2:144-56.

Ghadimi A, Saidur R, Metselaar H. A review of nanofluid stability properties and characterization in stationary conditions. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. 2011;54:4051-68.

Ismail A, Abdullah S, Abdullah A, Deros BM. Whole-body vibration exposure of Malaysian taxi drivers. International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering. 2015;11:2786-92.

Yu-Hua L, Wei Q, Jian-Chao F. Temperature dependence of thermal conductivity of nanofluids. Chinese Physics Letters. 2008;25:3319.

Amrollahi A, Hamidi A, Rashidi A. The effects of temperature, volume fraction and vibration time on the thermo-physical properties of a carbon nanotube suspension (carbon nanofluid). Nanotechnology. 2008;19:315701.

Idrus SS, Zaini N, Mohamad I, Abdullah N, Husin MM. Comparison of Thermal Conductivity for HHT-24-CNF-Based Nanofluid using Deionized Water and Ethylene Glycol. Jurnal Teknologi. 2015;77:85-9.

Rouxel D, Hadji R, Vincent B, Fort Y. Effect of ultrasonication and dispersion stability on the cluster size of alumina nanoscale particles in aqueous solutions. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry. 2011;18:382-8.

Mohamad I, Hamid S, Chin W, Yau K, Samsuri A. NaNofluid-Based NaNocarBoNs: aN iNvestigatioN of thermal coNductivity PerformaNce. Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology. 2011;3(1)-79-87.

Rudyak VY. Viscosity of nanofluids. Why it is not described by the classical theories. Advances in Nanoparticles. 2013;2:266.

Timofeeva EV, Smith DS, Yu W, France DM, Singh D, Routbort JL. Particle size and interfacial effects on thermo-physical and heat transfer characteristics of water-based α-SiC nanofluids. Nanotechnology. 2010;21:215703.

Kanagaraj S, Ponmozhi J, Varanda F, Silva J, Fonseca A, Oliveira M, et al. Rheological study of nanofluids at different concentration of carbon nanotubes. Proceedings of 19th National & 8th ISHMT-ASME HMT Conference: Tata McGraw Hill New Delhi. 2008;1-6.

Masoumi N, Sohrabi N, Behzadmehr A. A new model for calculating the effective viscosity of nanofluids. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics. 2009;42:055501.

Aladag B, Halelfadl S, Doner N, Maré T, Duret S, Estellé P. Experimental investigations of the viscosity of nanofluids at low temperatures. Applied Energy. 2012;97:876-80.

Sadri R, Ahmadi G, Togun H, Dahari M, Kazi SN, Sadeghinezhad E, et al. An experimental study on thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanofluids containing carbon nanotubes. Nanoscale Research Letters. 2014;9:1-16.

Downloads

Published

2016-12-31

How to Cite

[1]
A. Abdullah, “Thermal conductivity and viscosity of deionized water and ethylene glycol-based nanofluids”, J. Mech. Eng. Sci., vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 2249–2261, Dec. 2016.

Issue

Vol. 10 No. 3 (2016): December 2016

Section

Article

License

Copyright (c) 2016 The Author(s)

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.