Evaluating effect of magnetic flux leakage signals on fatigue crack growth of mild steel

Authors

  • M.I.M. Ahmad Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
  • A. Ariffin Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
  • S. Abdullah Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15282/jmes.10.1.2016.7.0175

Keywords:

Fatigue test; crack growth life; magnetic signals; stress intensity range.

Abstract

In engineering applications, analysis of crack growth life is useful in situations where an unexpected crack has been found in a component of a machine, vehicle, or structure. The objectives of this research are to investigate the correlation curve of magnetic flux leakage, Hp(y) signals by evaluating their critical value point with respect to step size. Moreover, the relation of the fatigue crack growth rate, da/dN with the stress intensity range, ΔK and Hp(y) in metal components is also discussed in this paper. The tension–tension fatigue test was conducted with the metal magnetic memory (MMM) scanning device and crack opening displacement (COD) gauges at 10 Hz (testing frequency) by applying a load of 3.0–5.0 kN. As a result, the correlation curve of Hp(y) was built with the R-squared values in the range of 0.99 and a mathematical model was developed for estimation analysis. The sigmoidal shape curve was plotted on the graph of da/dN versus ΔK and also with Hp(y). Thus, for validation, the linear relation is represented between ΔK and Hp(y) and presents a good approach for magnetic parameters to be developed for fatigue crack growth analysis. Therefore, the magnetic method has a greater capability to analyse the fatigue crack propagation life in a real application.

References

Li Y, Wang H, Gong D. The interrelation of the parameters in the Paris equation of fatigue crack growth. Engineering Fracture Mechanics. 2012;96:500-9.

Ren SK, Li Y, Li XL. Residual life assessment for ferromagnetic components based on metal magnetic memory technology. Advanced Materials Research. 2011; 504-9.

Ariffin A, Ahmad MIM, Abdullah S, Jusoh WZW. Detection of cracked position due to cyclic loading for ferromagnetic materials based on magnetic memory method. Jurnal Teknologi. 2015;75.

Wang ZD, Yao K, Deng B, Ding KQ. Theoretical studies of metal magnetic memory technique on magnetic flux leakage signals. NDT & E International. 2010;43:354-9.

Shen G, Hu B, Gao G, Li Y. Investigation on metal magnetic memory signal during loading. International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics. 2010;33:1329-34.

Xing HY, Wang RX, Xu MQ, Zhang JZ. Correlation between crack growth rate and magnetic memory signal of X45 steel. Key Engineering Materials: Trans Tech Publ; 2007. p. 2293-6.

Dong L, Xu B, Dong S, Chen Q, Dan W. Monitoring fatigue crack propagation of ferromagnetic materials with spontaneous abnormal magnetic signals. International Journal of Fatigue. 2008;30:1599-605.

Xu M, Xu M, Li J, Xing H. Using Modified J–A model in MMM detection at elastic stress stage. Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation. 2012;27:121-38.

Jian X, Jian X, Deng G. Experiment on relationship between the magnetic gradient of low-carbon steel and its stress. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. 2009;321:3600-6.

Yunoh MFM, Abdullah S, Saad MHM, Nopiah ZM, Nuawi MZ. Fatigue feature extraction analysis based on a K-Means clustering approach. Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences. 2015;8:1275-82.

Mohamed MA, Manurung YHP, Ghazali FA, Karim AA. Finite element-based fatigue life prediction of a load-carrying cruciform joint. Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences. 2015;8:1414-25.

Fauzun F, Aqida SN, Naher S, Brabazon D, Calosso F, Rosso M. Effects of Thermal Fatigue on Laser Modified H13 Die Steel. Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences. 2014;6:975-80.

Zhang Y, Gou R, Li J, Shen G, Zeng Y. Characteristics of metal magnetic memory signals of different steels in high cycle fatigue tests. Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures. 2012;35:595-605.

Huang H, Jiang S, Liu R, Liu Z. Investigation of magnetic memory signals induced by dynamic bending load in fatigue crack propagation process of structural steel. Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation. 2014;33:407-12.

International A. Annual book of ASTM standards: ASTM International; 2004.

Beden S, Abdullah S, Ariffin A. Review of fatigue crack propagation models for metallic components. European Journal of Scientific Research. 2009;28:364-97.

Dong L, Xu B, Dong S, Song L, Chen Q, Wang D. Stress dependence of the spontaneous stray field signals of ferromagnetic steel. NDT & E International. 2009;42:323-7.

Yao K, Wang ZD, Deng B, Shen K. Experimental research on metal magnetic memory method. Experimental Mechanics. 2012;52:305-14.

Wu DB, Xu MQ, Xing HY. Detection of crack growth rate in 45 steel by metal magnetic memory. Applied Mechanics and Materials. 2010; 855-8.

Dong LH, Xu BS, Wang HP, Xue N. A physical model for self-emitting magnetic signals during fatigue crack propagation. Applied Mechanics and Materials. 2012; 415-8.

Downloads

Published

2016-06-30

How to Cite

[1]
M. Ahmad, A. Ariffin, and S. Abdullah, “Evaluating effect of magnetic flux leakage signals on fatigue crack growth of mild steel”, J. Mech. Eng. Sci., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1827–1834, Jun. 2016.

Issue

Vol. 10 No. 1 (2016): June 2016

Section

Article

License

Copyright (c) 2016 The Author(s)

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.