Numerical analysis of  wake turbulence between hybrid tidal turbine and hypothetical actuator cylinder for shallow water with low velocity conditions

Lakshuman Dass; Anas Abdul Rahman; Kumaran Rajendran; Gisrina Elin Suhri

doi:10.15282/jmes.16.1.2022.03.0686

Authors

L. Dass Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Pauh Putra Main Campus, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia. Phone: +6049885035; Fax: +6049885034
A. A. Rahman Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Pauh Putra Main Campus, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia. Phone: +6049885035; Fax: +6049885034
K. Rajendran Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Pauh Putra Main Campus, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia. Phone: +6049885035; Fax: +6049885034
G. E. Suhri Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Pauh Putra Main Campus, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia. Phone: +6049885035; Fax: +6049885034

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15282/jmes.16.1.2022.03.0686

Keywords:

vertical turbine, Hydrodynamics, Nested turbine, Marine energy, Velocity recovery

Abstract

Towards modernisation of the technological era, electricity demands have been an issue. Although the supply of electrical energy from the renewable sources are increasing, it is still not sufficient to offset the carbon production. Malaysia as a developing country needs ample of supply of electrical energy. As most of the current electrical energy for the country are being produced by non renewable sources, the Malaysian government have started looking into renewable options to produce electrical energy. There are various sources of energy that are available in Malaysia such as solar, natural gas, petroleum, ocean energy and many more. This paper is focused on the tidal energy which is an ocean energy that can produce electrical energy by using the power of tide. This research explores the hybrid turbine design which is a type of vertical-axis tidal turbine that combines two distinct type of devices, namely Savonius and H-Darrieus turbines. Hybrid turbine is useful as it helps to overcome the limitation of individual turbine and also be able to produce energy at a low water velocity. Numerical analysis is employed to investigate the wake recovery behaviour and turbulent mixing due to the positioning of the device using Ansys CFD Fluent. By understanding the general wake characteristics produced by each device, proper planning can be done to configure these devices in an array for future planning. The simulation result shows that the hybrid turbine utilising NACA0015 and NACA0018 with nested configuration demonstrates faster velocity recovery compared to NACA0021. The turbulence wake results also provides a promising output which shows the acceleration of flow at the downstream region for hybrid nested NACA0015 and NACA0018 are more narrow compared to NACA0021. The result of this simulation has also been validated with published data. In a nutshell, the NACA blade design not only affects the performance of the turbine but can also influence the velocity recovery downstream of the device.

References

Z. Liu, “Global energy development: The reality and challenges,” Glob. Energy Interconnect., vol. x, pp. 1–64, 2015.

Energy Data and Research Unit, “Handbook Malaysia Energy Statistics,” Suruhanjaya Tenaga (Energy Commission), ISSN No.: 2289-6953, 2019.

N. A. Mohd Yusoff, N. L. Ramli, and M. R. Mohamed, “Investigation of the potential harnessing tidal energy in Malaysia,” ARPN J. Eng. Appl. Sci., vol. 10, no. 21, pp. 9835–9841, 2015.

D. Satrio, I. K. A. P. Utama, and Mukhtasor, “Vertical axis tidal current turbine: Advantages and challenges review,” Proceeding Ocean. Mech. Aerosp. -Science Eng., vol. 3, no. July, pp. 64–71, 2016.

D. Magagna and A. Uihlein, “Ocean energy development in Europe: Current status and future perspectives,” Int. J. Mar. Energy, vol. 11, pp. 84–104, 2015.

O. Bin Yaakob, K. B. Tawi, and D. T. S. Sunanto, “Computer simulation studies on the effect overlap ratio for savonius type vertical axis marine current turbine,” Int. J. Eng. Trans. A Basics, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 79–88, 2010.

W. Tjiu, T. Marnoto, S. Mat, M. H. Ruslan, and K. Sopian, “Darrieus vertical axis wind turbine for power generation I: Assessment of Darrieus VAWT configurations,” Renew. Energy, vol. 75, pp. 50–67, 2015.

A. S. Siddiqui et. al., “A review study : Distinct recent advancements in H-type Darrieus wind turbine to improve aerodynamic performance,” Proceedings of the International Conference on Renewable, Applied and New Energy Technologies, 19–22 Nov., 2018.

M. H. Mohamed, “Performance investigation of H-rotor Darrieus turbine with new airfoil shapes,” Energy, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 522–530, 2012.

A. Bianchini, G. Ferrara, and L. Ferrari, “Design guidelines for H-Darrieus wind turbines: Optimization of the annual energy yield,” Energy Convers. Manag., vol. 89, pp. 690–707, 2015.

S. M. R. Hassan, M. Ali, and M. Q. Islam, “The effect of solidity on the performance of H-rotor Darrieus turbine,” AIP Conf. Proc., vol. 1754, 2016.

M. Badrul Salleh, N. M. Kamaruddin, and Z. Mohamed-Kassim, “Savonius hydrokinetic turbines for a sustainable river-based energy extraction: A review of the technology and potential applications in Malaysia,” Sustain. Energy Technol. Assessments, vol. 36, no. September, p. 100554, 2019.

V. Patel, T. I. Eldho. and S. V. Prabhu, G. Bhat, “Influence of overlap ratio and aspect ratio on the performance of Savonius hydrokinetic turbine,” Arch. Thermodyn., vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 23–40, 2012

A. Kumar, R. P. Saini, G. Saini, and G. Dwivedi, “Effect of number of stages on the performance characteristics of modified Savonius hydrokinetic turbine,” Ocean Eng., vol. 217, no. January, p. 108090, 2020.

A. Hosseini and N. Goudarzi, “Design and CFD study of a hybrid vertical-axis wind turbine by employing a combined Bach-type and H-Darrieus rotor systems,” Energy Convers. Manag., vol. 189, pp. 49–59, 2019.

P. M. Kumar, K. Sivalingam, S. Narasimalu, T.-C. Lim, S. Ramakrishna, and H. Wei, “A Review on the evolution of Darrieus vertical axis wind turbine: Small wind turbines,” J. Power Energy Eng., vol. 07, no. 04, pp. 27–44, 2019.

M. J. Alam and M. T. Iqbal, “A low cut-in speed marine current turbine,” J. Ocean Technol., vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 49–62, 2010.

W. H. Lam and L. Chen, “Equations used to predict the velocity distribution within a wake from a horizontal-axis tidal-current turbine,” Ocean Eng., vol. 79, pp. 35–42, 2014.

P.A.S.F. Silva, T.F. De Oliveira, A.C.P. Brasil Junior, and J.R.P. Vaz, “Numerical study of wake characteristics in a horizontal-axis Hydrokinetic turbine,” An. Acad. Bras. Cienc., vol. 88, no. 4, pp. 2441–2456, 2016.

R.E. Bensow, C. Fureby, M. Liefvendahl, T. Persson, “A comparative study of RANS, DES and LES,” 26th ONR Symp. Nav. Hydrodyn., vol. 2, pp. 17–22, 2006.

N. Mulvany, L. Chen, J. Tu, and B. Anderson, “Steady-state evaluation of two-equation RANS (Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes) turbulence models for high-reynolds number hydrodynamic flow simulations,” Dep. Defence, Aust.Gov., pp.1–54,2004,

A. Rahman, N. B. Yahaya, and M. T. A. Rahman, “The effect of support structure on RANS actuator disc for shallow water application,” IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 670, no. 1, 2019.

S. M. Rassoulinejad-Mousavi, M. Jamil, and M. Layeghi, “Experimental study of a combined three bucket H-rotor with savonius wind turbine,” World Appl. Sci. J., vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 205–211, 2013.

A. Bakri, “Numerical assessment of vertical axis marine current turbines performances in shallow water : A case study for Malaysia,” 2020.

E. M. Alawadhi, “Meshing guide,” Finite Elem. Simulations Using ANSYS, 2nd Edition, CRC Press, 2015.

G.E Suhri, A. Rahman, L. Dass, K. Rajendran, “The influence of Tidal turbine in arrangement on the wake interaction in shallow water.,” Journal of Physics: Conference Series, no. 2051 012058, 2021.

M. E. Harrison, W. M. J. Batten, L. E. Myers, and A. S. Bahaj, “Comparison between CFD simulations and experiments for predicting the far wake of horizontal axis tidal turbines,” IET Renew. Power Gener., vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 613–627, 2010.

K. Rogowski, M. O. L. Hansen, and G. Bangga, “Performance analysis of a H-darrieus wind turbine for a series of 4-digit NACA airfoils,” Energies, vol. 13, no. 12, 2020.

B. K. Kirke and L. Lazauskas, “Limitations of fixed pitch Darrieus hydrokinetic turbines and the challenge of variable pitch,” Renew. Energy, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 893–897, 2011.

G. Erfort, T. W. von Backstrm, and G. Venter, “Reduction in the torque ripple of a vertical axis wind turbine through coupled optimization of the pitch angle,” 11th South African Conf. Comput. Appl. Mech. SACAM 2018, 17-18 Sept., South Africa, 2018.