Enhancement of laser heating process by laser surface modification on Titanium alloy

A. Q. Zaifuddin; F. Zulhilmi; M.H. Aiman; M.M. Quazi; M. Ishak

doi:10.15282/jmes.15.3.2021.09.0653

Authors

A. Q. Zaifuddin Joining, Welding and Laser Processing (JWL) Lab, Faculty of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia. Phone: +6094246216
F. Zulhilmi Joining, Welding and Laser Processing (JWL) Lab, Faculty of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia. Phone: +6094246216
M.H. Aiman Joining, Welding and Laser Processing (JWL) Lab, Faculty of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia. Phone: +6094246216
M.M. Quazi Joining, Welding and Laser Processing (JWL) Lab, Faculty of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia. Phone: +6094246216
M. Ishak Joining, Welding and Laser Processing (JWL) Lab, Faculty of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia. Phone: +6094246216

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15282/jmes.15.3.2021.09.0653

Keywords:

Laser surface modification, surface roughness, Titanium alloy

Abstract

Titanium alloys are widely utilized in laser heating applications. However, it has poor optical properties due to low laser energy absorption. Nevertheless, a higher energy absorption can be realized by modifying the surface profile through increasing the surface roughness. In this present work, the laser surface modification (LSM) process was carried out to increase the roughness on surface of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy. Subsequently, the surface characterization and surface roughness were analysed by using the 3D optical microscope. The effect of laser power on the increment of surface roughness was investigated. It was revealed that an increase in laser power during LSM process could increase the surface roughness. The result shows that, the surface roughness of titanium alloy increased 27 times when modified with the highest laser power (27W) compared to the gritted surface. Furthermore, the modified surface by LSM will be heated using laser radiation in order to analyse the effect of surface roughness towards laser heating temperature. Depending on the value of the power during laser heating, the maximum temperature measured could be increased 27% corresponding to a gritted flat reference surface.

References

Q. Zhang, J. Chen, H. Tan, X. Lin, and W.-d. Huang, "Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of laser additive manufactured Ti–5Al–2Sn–2Zr–4Mo–4Cr alloy," Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, vol. 26, no. 8, pp. 2058-2066, 2016/08/01/ 2016, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(16)64300-5.

X. F. Zhou, J. A. Duan, F. Zhang, and S. S. Zhong, "The Study on Mechanical Strength of Titanium-Aluminum Dissimilar Butt Joints by Laser Welding-Brazing Process," Materials, vol. 12, no. 5, Mar 2019, Art no. 712, doi: 10.3390/ma12050712.

J. Liu, H. Liu, X.-L. Gao, and H. Yu, "Microstructure and mechanical properties of laser welding of Ti6Al4V to Inconel 718 using Nb/Cu interlayer," Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 277, p. 116467, 2020.

M. M. Quazi et al., "Current research and development status of dissimilar materials laser welding of titanium and its alloys," (in English), Opt. Laser Technol., Review vol. 126, p. 36, Jun 2020, Art no. 106090, doi: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2020.106090.

H. R. Abedi and M. H. Gollo, "An experimental study of the effects of surface roughness and coating of Cr2O3 layer on the laser-forming process," Optics & Laser Technology, vol. 109, pp. 336-347, 2019.

M. V. Zhidkov, T. N. Vershinina, O. A. Golosova, S. I. Kudryashov, and A. A. Ionin, "Surface texturing of steel by femtosecond laser and accompanying structure/phase transformations," (in English), Opt. Laser Technol., Article vol. 131, p. 7, Nov 2020, Art no. 106370, doi: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2020.106370.

S. J. Won and H. S. Kim, "Effects of laser parameters on morphological change and surface properties of aluminum alloy in masked laser surface texturing," Journal of Manufacturing Processes, vol. 48, pp. 260-269, 2019.

L. Ramasamy, M. Quazi, M. Ishak, M. Aiman, A. Zafiuddin, and A. Qaban, "Formation of colours on SS304L stainless steel induced by laser colouring," IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 1078, p. 012015, 02/01 2021, doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/1078/1/012015.

S. Roduan, J. A Wahab, M. Aiman, A. Q. Zaifuddin, M. Salleh, and M. Ishak, "Effect of laser loop on surface morphology of copper substrate and wettability of solder joint," IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 701, p. 012040, 12/19 2019, doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/701/1/012040.

Y. Oshida, Bioscience and bioengineering of titanium materials. Elsevier, 2010.

C. Earl, J. Castrejón-Pita, P. Hilton, and W. O’Neill, "The dynamics of laser surface modification," Journal of Manufacturing Processes, vol. 21, pp. 214-223, 2016.

B. Mao, A. Siddaiah, Y. Liao, and P. L. Menezes, "Laser surface texturing and related techniques for enhancing tribological performance of engineering materials: A review," Journal of Manufacturing Processes, vol. 53, pp. 153-173, 2020.

D. Bhaduri et al., "On design and tribological behaviour of laser textured surfaces," Procedia CIRP, vol. 60, pp. 20-25, 2017/01/01/ 2017, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2017.02.050.

A. Sulaiman, M. Aiman, M. Quazi, M. Ishak, and T. Ariga, "Enhancement of mechanical properties of Copper Brazed by laser surface modification," in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2020, vol. 788, no. 1: IOP Publishing, p. 012012.

F. Kaschel, M. Celikin, and D. Dowling, "Effects of laser power on geometry, microstructure and mechanical properties of printed Ti-6Al-4V parts," Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 278, p. 116539, 2020.

F. Fauzun, S. N. A. S. Ahmad, and I. Ismail, "Design of laser melting of tool steel for surface integrity enhancement," Jurnal Tribologi, vol. 22, pp. 18-31, 2019.

M. M. Quazi, M. A. Fazal, A. S. M. A. Haseeb, F. Yusof, H. H. Masjuki, and A. Arslan, "Laser-based Surface Modifications of Aluminum and its Alloys," Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials Sciences, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 106-131, 2016/03/03 2016, doi: 10.1080/10408436.2015.1076716.

D. Bergstrom, J. Powell, and A. Kaplan, "The absorption of light by rough metal surfaces—A three-dimensional ray-tracing analysis," Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 103, pp. 103515-103515, 06/01 2008, doi: 10.1063/1.2930808.

J. Xie, A. Kar, J. A. Rothenflue, and W. P. Latham, "Temperature‐dependent absorptivity and cutting capability of CO2, Nd: YAG and chemical oxygen–iodine lasers," Journal of Laser Applications, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 77-85, 1997.

A. Zaifuddin, M. Aiman, M. Quazi, M. Ishak, and T. Ariga, "Effect of laser surface modification (LSM) on laser energy absorption for laser brazing," in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2020, vol. 788, no. 1: IOP Publishing, p. 012013.

M. R. Maina, Y. Okamoto, R. Inoue, S.-i. Nakashiba, A. Okada, and T. Sakagawa, "Influence of surface state in micro-welding of copper by Nd: YAG laser," Applied Sciences, vol. 8, no. 12, p. 2364, 2018.