Performance analysis of multi-row vertical axis hydrokinetic turbine–straight blade cascaded (VAHT-SBC) turbines array

E. Septyaningrum; R. Hantoro; I. K. A. P. Utama; J. Prananda; G. Nugroho; A. W. Mahmasani; N. A. Satwika

doi:10.15282/jmes.13.3.2019.28.0454

Authors

E. Septyaningrum Department of Engineering Physics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya, Indonesia, Phone: +62857 4149 3003 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6402-7243
R. Hantoro Department of Engineering Physics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya, Indonesia, Phone: +62857 4149 3003
I. K. A. P. Utama Department of Naval Architecture, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya, Indonesia
J. Prananda Department of Naval Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya, Indonesia
G. Nugroho Department of Engineering Physics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya, Indonesia
A. W. Mahmasani Department of Engineering Physics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya, Indonesia
N. A. Satwika Department of Engineering Physics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15282/jmes.13.3.2019.28.0454

Keywords:

array, counter-rotating, farm-effectiveness, hydrokinetic, multi-row

Abstract

Due to its high energy concentration, hydrokinetic energy from tidal and rivers flow provides great expectation. One of the effective ways to meet the energy production target is to reduce the installation and maintenance effort arranging turbines in such configuration, known as hydrokinetic turbine array. The performance of array configuration is affected by turbine position and rotational direction. This research provides a comprehensive analysis of the effect of turbine rotational direction and position on the array performance. The experimental study and URANS simulation were carried out to gain deeper information. This previous study proposed 3 side-by-side configurations, i.e. Co-rotating” (Co), “counter-rotating-in” (CtI) and “counter-rotating-out” (CtO) and the current study proposed 2 multi-row configurations, i.e. 3T-A and 3T-B. The comprehensive information is provided. Both experimental and numerical study confirmed that the velocity superposition in the interaction zone gives the constructive effect on turbine performance. All site-by-site configurations is able to enhance farm effectiveness. Co configuration is recommended to install in the resource having unpredictable flow direction. However, the CtI is for canal or river since it has better performance. The study for multi-row configuration shows that the downstream turbine has performance decrement due to the bad effect of the upstream turbine wake.

References

Gonzalo T, Claudio T, Federico Z. Numerical analysis of a diffuser-augmented hydrokinetic turbine. Ocean Engineering. 2017; 145:138-47

Outlook Energy. BPPT- Outlook Energi Indonesia 2017. 2017.

Lucas IL, Fernando LP, Lin-Fan C. Advances and trends in hydrokinetic turbine systems, Energy Sustainable Development. 2010; 14:287-96

Stefania Z, Ferdinando B, Niccolo B. Hydrodynamic interactions between three closely spaced vertical axis tidal turbines. Energy Procedia. 2016; 101: 520–27

In SH, Yun HL, Seung JK. Optimization of cycloidal water turbine and the performance improvement by individual blade control. Applied Energy. 2009; 86:1532–40

Maarten C. The design and testing of airfoils for application in small vertical axis wind turbines. TUDelft. 2006.

Wirachai R. Optimisation of vertical axis wind turbines. Northumbria University. 2004

Brian K. Tests on ducted and bare helical and straight blade Darrieus hydrokinetic turbines. Renewable Energy. 2011; 36: 3013–22.

Frank S, Timothy MF, Richard EB. The influence of blade curvature and helical blade twist on the performance of a vertical-axis wind turbine. In: 29th ASME Wind Energy Symposium, 2010; 1–16.

Mark HW. Aerodynamic performance of the 17 meter diameter Darrieus wind turbine. Journal Energy. 1981;5:39-42

Marco RC. Effect of Blade Inclination Angle on a Darrieus Wind Turbine. Journal of Turbomachinery. 2017; 134: 1–10.

Ridho H, Erna S. Novel Design of a Vertical Axis Hydrokinetic Turbine –Straight-Blade Cascaded (VAHT–SBC): Experimental and Numerical Simulation. Journal of Engineering Technology and Science. 2018; 50: 73–86

Ridho H, I Ketut APU, Erwandi, Aries S. An experimental investigation of passive variable-pitch vertical-axis ocean current turbine. Journal of Engineering Technology and Science. 2011; 43: 27–40.

Ridho H, Juniarko P, Ahmad WM, Erna S, Fahmi I. Performance investigation of an innovative Vertical Axis Hydrokinetic Turbine – Straight Blade Cascaded ( VAHT-SBC ) for low current speed Performance investigation of an innovative Vertical Axis Hydrokinetic Turbine – Straight Blade Cascaded ( VAHT- SBC). Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2018; 1022

Ridho H, I Ketut APU, Irfan SA, Abdi I, Seno WM. Innovation in Vertical Axis Hydrokinetic Turbine – Straight Blade Cascaded (VAHT-SBC) design and testing for low current speed power generation Innovation in Vertical Axis Hydrokinetic Turbine – Straight Blade Cascaded ( VAHT-SBC ) design and testing for low current speed power generation. 2018. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2018; 1022

Martin N, Longbin T. Experimental study of wake characteristics in tidal turbine arrays. Renewable Energy.2018; 127: 168–81.

Nicholas DL, Brenden PE. Hydrokinetic energy conversion: Technology, research, and outlook. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review. 2016; 57: 1245–59.

Saurabh C, Craig H, Xiaolei Y, Michele G, Dean C, Jonathan C, Fotis S. Wake characteristics of a TriFrame of axial-flow hydrokinetic turbines. Renewable Energy. 2017; 109: 332–45.

Stephanie OS, Duncan S, Gregory SP, Tom B, Mulualem G, Michael RB, Ian M. Experimental evaluation of the wake characteristics of cross flow turbine arrays. Ocean Engineering. 2017; 141: 215–26.

Penny J, Trevor W, Cuan B, Bjoern E. Field tests of multiple 1 / 10 scale tidal turbines in steady flows. Renewable Energy.2016; 87: 240–52.

Harrison ME, Batten WMJ, Myers LE, Bahaj AS. A comparison between CFD simulations and experiments for predicting the far wake of horizontal axis tidal turbines. Renewable Power Generation.2010; 4: 613–27.

Scott D, Guy TH, M. L. G. Oldfield, Alistair GLB. Modelling Tidal Energy Extraction in a Depth-Averaged Coastal Domain. 2010; 4: 1045–52.

Thomas AAA, Scott D, Guy TH, Alistair GLB, Sena S. The available power from tidal stream turbines in the Pentland Firth. Proceedings of The Royal Society A (Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences). 2013; 469: 1-21

Alex O, Tim S, Tong F, Peter KS. Comparison of a RANS blade element model for tidal turbine arrays with laboratory scale measurements of wake velocity and rotor thrust. Journal of Fluids Structure.2016; 64: 87–106.

Robert JC. Wind turbine and sodar observations of wakes in a large wind farm. in 19th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence. 2010.

Wei Y, Ahmed O, Wei T, Hui H. An Experimental Investigation on the Effect ofTurbine Rotation Direction on the Wake Interference of Wind Turbine, in Aiaa. 2013; 3815: 1–18.

Nak JL, In CK, Chang GK, Beom SH, Young HL. Performance study on a counter-rotating tidal current turbine by CFD and model experimentation. Renewable Energy.2015; 79: 122–26.

Michael B, Andrew S, Maurizio C. Offshore floating vertical axis wind turbines, dynamics modelling state of the art. part I: Aerodynamics. Renewable Sustaintainable Energy Review. 2014; 39: 1214–25.

Carlos SF, Helge AM, Metthew B, Bjorn R, P. Deglaire, I. Arduin. Comparison of aerodynamic models for Vertical Axis Wind Turbines. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2014; 524.

Tescione G, Carlos JSF, Gerard JWVB. Analysis of a free vortex wake model for the study of the rotor and near wake flow of a vertical axis wind turbine. Renewable Energy. 2016; 87: 552–63.

Nobuyuki F, Satoshi S. Observations of dynamic stall on Darrieus wind turbine blades. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamic. 2001; 89: 201–214.

Mojtaba AB, Rupp C, David SKT. A wind tunnel study on the aerodynamic interaction of vertical axis wind turbines in array configurations. Renewable Energy. 2016; 96: 904–913.

Ian R, Aaron A. Wind Tunnel Blockage Corrections: Review and application to Savonius Vertical-Axis Wind Turbines. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamic. 2011; 99: 523–38.

Ross V. Tuning tidal turbines in-concert to maximise farm efficiency. Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 2011; 671: 587–604.

Ye L. On the definition of the power coefficient of tidal current turbines and efficiency of tidal current turbine farms. Renewable Energy. 2014; 68: 868–75.

Yoshihide T, Ted S. Steady and unsteady RANS simulations of pollutant dispersion around isolated cubical buildings: Effect of large-scale fluctuations on the concentration field. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamic. 2017; 165: 23–33.

Kato M, Brian L. The modeling of turbulent flow around stationary and vibrating square cylinders. Ninth Symp. Turbul. Shear Flows. 1993; 10.4.1-10.4.6.

Wolfgang R. On the simulation of turbulent flow past bluff bodies. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamic. 2993; 46: 3–19.

Shuzo M, Akashi M, Yoshihiki H, Shigehiro S. Numerical study on velocity-pressure field and wind forces for bluff bodies by k-ε, ASM and LES. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamic. 1992; 44: 2841–52.

Claudio M, Ante Š, Ralph Voß, Gunter S. Unsteady RANS simulations of flow around a bridge section. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamic. 2010; 98: 742–53.

Claudio M, Ante Š, Gunter S. Unsteady RANS modelling of flow past a rectangular cylinder: Investigation of Reynolds number effects. Computational Fluids. 2010; 39: 1609–24.

Alberto P, Craig M. Vortex shedding from a wind turbine blade section at high angles of attack. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamic. 2013; 121: 131–37.

Salim MS, Kian CO. Performance of RANS, URANS and LES in the prediction of airflow and pollutant dispersion. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. 2013; 170: 263–74.

Florian RM. Two-equation eddy-viscosity turbulence models for engineering applications. AIAA Journal. 1994; 32: 1598–605.

Philip M, Dev R, Irene P, Giles T. Numerical investigation of the influence of blade helicity on the performance characteristics of vertical axis tidal turbines. Renewable Energy. 2015; 81: 926–35.

Brian KK, Leo L. Limitations of fixed pitch Darrieus hydrokinetic turbines and the challenge of variable pitch. Renewable Energy. 2011; 36: 893–97.

Bo Y, Chris L. Fluid dynamic performance of a vertical axis turbine for tidal currents. Renewable Energy. 2011; 36: 3355–66.

Hendrik KV, Weeratunge M. An introduction to computational fluid dynamics. 2007.

Florian RM. Zonal Two Equation k-ω Turbulence Models for Aerodynamic Flows. in 24th Fluid Dynamics Conference. 1993.

Paulo ACR, Helio HBR, F. O. M. Carneiro, Maria EVS, Carla FA. A case study on the calibration of the k-ω SST (shear stress transport) turbulence model for small scale wind turbines designed with cambered and symmetrical airfoils. Energy. 2016; 97: 144–50.

Muhammad SS, Adil R, Trond K, Mandar T. Effect of turbulence intensity on the performance of an offshore vertical axis wind turbine. Energy Procedia. 2015; 80: 312–20.

Guang Z, Ran SY, Yan L, Peng FZ. Hydrodynamic performance of a vertical-axis tidal-current turbine with different preset angles of attack. Journal of Hydrodynamic. 2013; 25: 280–87.

Antonio P, Colin MP, Megan CL, Elias B. Wake structure of a single vertical axis wind turbine. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow. 2016: 61; 75–84.

Abdolrahim R, Ivo K, Bert B. CFD simulation of a vertical axis wind turbine operating at a moderate tip speed ratio: Guidelines for minimum domain size and azimuthal increment. Renewable Energy. 2017: 107; 373–85.

John OD. Potential order of magnitude enhancement of wind farm power density via counter-rotating vertical-axis wind turbine arrays. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy. 2011; 3: 043-104.

Kristine M. Effect of free stream turbulence on wind turbine performance. 2013.

Henk T, John L. A first course in turbulence. Cambridge, Massachusetts, London: MIT Press.