Investigation on the flexural properties of nanofillers loading on the Jute/Carbon/PLA nanocomposites
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15282/jmes.14.4.2020.11.0585Keywords:
Carbon fibre, flexural Graphene, jute fibre, nanoclay, polylactic acidAbstract
Presence of fibers and fillers in a composite can be an efficient way to arrest crack either at macro or micro levels. In this work, woven jute and carbon fibers were arranged alternately in PLA (Polylactic Acid) nanocomposite. Graphene or nanoclay was embedded into PLA matrix to make polymer nanocomposite. Fiber reinforced polymer nanocomposites were prepared by varying the concentration of graphene or nanoclay in the PLA matrix and alternate woven jute/carbon fibers was then bind with the PLA nanocomposite. Influence of graphene or nanoclay concentration and presence of woven fibres in the composite was quantified by flexural analysis. Flexural strength and flexural modulus were found to increase at 3wt% of nanofiller concentration for both graphene/jute/PLA and nanoclay/jute/PLA nanocomposites with increment up to 37% and 31%, respectively. FTIR was used to determine the interaction between PLA and nanofillers. Morphology observation by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was done to investigate the fractured surface of the hybrid jute/carbon fibres reinforced PLA nanocomposite.
References
R. A. Ilyas et al., “Sugar palm (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb.) Merr) cellulosic fibre hierarchy: A comprehensive approach from macro to nano scale,” Journal of Materials Research and Technology., 2019.
C. N. A. Jaafar, I. Zainol, and M. A. M. Rizal, “Preparation and characterisation of epoxy / silica / kenaf composite using hand lay-up method,” in 27th Scientific Conference of the Microscopy Society Malaysia (27th SCMSM 2018), 2018, pp. 2–6.
M. L. Sanyang, R. A. Ilyas, S. M. Sapuan, and R. Jumaidin, “Sugar palm starch-based composites for packaging applications,” Bionanocomposites Packag. Appl., pp. 125–147, 2017.
Y. Du, T. Wu, N. Yan, M. T. Kortschot, and R. Farnood, “Fabrication and characterization of fully biodegradable natural fiber-reinforced poly(lactic acid) composites,” Composites Part B: Engineering, 2014.
S. A. Hinchcliffe, K. M. Hess, and W. V. Srubar, “Experimental and theoretical investigation of prestressed natural fiber-reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) composite materials,” Composites Part B, 2016.
Q. Ahsan, T. S. S. Carron, and Z. Mustafa, “On the use of nano fibrillated kenaf cellulose fiber as reinforcement in polylactic acid biocomposites,” Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences, 2019.
A. Awal, M. Rana, and M. Sain, “Thermorheological and mechanical properties of cellulose reinforced PLA bio-composites,” Mechanics of Materials., 2015.
K. M. Z. Hossain, R. M. Felfel, C. D. Rudd, W. Thielemans, and I. Ahmed, “The effect of cellulose nanowhiskers on the flexural properties of self-reinforced polylactic acid composites,” Reactive and Functional Polymers., 2014.
M. Murariu and P. Dubois, “PLA composites: From production to properties,” Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews. 2016.
L. Avérous, “Polylactic acid: Synthesis, properties and applications,” in Monomers, Polymers and Composites from Renewable Resources, 2008.
Y. Seki, “Innovative multifunctional siloxane treatment of jute fiber surface and its effect on the mechanical properties of jute/thermoset composites,” Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2009.
H. Danso, “ScienceDirect ScienceDirect Properties of Coconut , Oil Palm and Bagasse Fibres : As Potential Building Materials,” Procedia Engineering, vol. 200, pp. 1–9, 2017.
N. Amir, K. Ariff, Z. Abidin, and F. Binti, “Effects of Fibre Configuration on Mechanical Properties of Banana Fibre / PP / MAPP Natural Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composite,” Procedia Engineering, vol. 184, pp. 573–580, 2017.
M. A. Pinto, V. B. Chalivendra, Y. K. Kim, and A. F. Lewis, “Evaluation of Surface Treatment and Fabrication Methods for Jute Fiber / Epoxy Laminar Composites,” 2014.
T. Berhanu, P. Kumar, and I. Singh, “Mechanical Behaviour of Jute Fibre Reinforced Polypropylene Composites,” no. Aimtdr, pp. 2–7, 2014.
Z. Mustafa et al., “Optimization of drilling process parameters on delamination factor of Jute reinforced unsaturated polyester composite using Box-Behnken design of experiment,” Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences, 2020.
D. Shanmugam and M. Thiruchitrambalam, “Static and dynamic mechanical properties of alkali treated unidirectional continuous Palmyra Palm Leaf Stalk Fiber / jute fiber reinforced hybrid polyester composites,” Materials and Design. vol. 50, pp. 533–542, 2013.
M. T. Zafar, S. N. Maiti, and A. K. Ghosh, “Effect of Surface Treatment of Jute Fibers on the Interfacial Adhesion in Poly ( lactic acid )/ Jute Fiber Biocomposites,” vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 266–274, 2016.
A. Gopinath, M. Senthil Kumar, and A. Elayaperumal, “Experimental investigations on mechanical properties of jute fiber reinforced composites with polyester and epoxy resin matrices,” Procedia Engineering., vol. 97, pp. 2052–2063, 2014.
M. M. Hassan, M. R. Islam, S. Shehrzade, and M. A. Khan, “Influence of mercerization along with Ultraviolet (UV) and gamma radiation on physical and mechanical properties of jute yarn by grafting with 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propylmethacrylate (silane) and acrylamide under UV radiation,” Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 2003.
S. Witayakran, W. Smitthipong, R. Wangpradid, R. Chollakup, and P. L. Clouston, “Natural Fiber Composites: Review of Recent Automotive Trends,” in Encyclopedia of Renewable and Sustainable Materials, 2017.
I. D. G. Ary Subagia, Y. Kim, L. D. Tijing, C. S. Kim, and H. K. Shon, “Effect of stacking sequence on the flexural properties of hybrid composites reinforced with carbon and basalt fibers,” Composites Part B: Engineering, 2014.
C. Dong, J. Duong, and I. J. Davies, “Flexural Properties of S-2 Glass and TR30S Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Hybrid Composites,” 2012.
S. Kushnoore, V. Atgur, P. K. C. Kanigalpula, N. Kamitkar, and P. Shetty, “Experimental investigation on thermal behavior of fly ash reinforced aluminium alloy (Al6061) hybrid composite,” Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences, 2019.
T. Jagannatha and G. Harish, “Mechanical Properties of Carbon/Glass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Hybrid Polymer Composites,” International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics Research, 2015.
J. Zhang, K. Chaisombat, S. He, and C. H. Wang, “Glass/Carbon Fibre Hybrid Composite Laminates for Structural Applications in Automotive Vehicles,” in Sustainable Automotive Technologies 2012, 2012.
F. Liu, N. Hu, H. Ning, Y. Liu, Y. Li, and L. Wu, “Molecular dynamics simulation on interfacial mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites with wrinkled graphene,” Computational Materials Science. vol. 108, pp. 160–167, 2015.
T. Monetta, A. Acquesta, and F. Bellucci, “Graphene/Epoxy Coating as Multifunctional Material for Aircraft Structures,” pp. 423–434, 2015.
D. Galpaya, M. Wang, M. Liu, N. Motta, E. Waclawik, and C. Yan, “Recent Advances in Fabrication and Characterization of Graphene-Polymer Nanocomposites,” Graphene, 2012.
H. Zhao, J. Ding, and H. Yu, “Variation of mechanical and thermal properties in sustainable graphene oxide/epoxy composites,” Scientific Reports, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 1–8, 2018.
S. Domenek, Ć. Courgneau, A. Guinault, V. Ducruet, and L. Averous, “Effect of Crystallization of poly(lactide) on barrier properties,” Polymer International, 2012.
K. H. Lim, M. S. A. Majid, M. J. M. Ridzuan, K. S. Basaruddin, and M. Afendi, “Effect of nano-clay fillers on mechanical and morphological properties of Napier/epoxy Composites,” Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 908, no. 1, 2017.
M. Bhattacharya, “Polymer nanocomposites-A comparison between carbon nanotubes, graphene, and clay as nanofillers,” Materials. 2016.
S. Raghunath, S. Kumar, S. K. Samal, S. Mohanty, and S. K. Nayak, “PLA/ESO/MWCNT nanocomposite: a study on mechanical, thermal and electroactive shape memory properties,” Journal of Polymer Research, 2018.
M. Á. Caminero, J. M. Chacón, E. García-Plaza, P. J. Núñez, J. M. Reverte, and J. P. Becar, “Additive manufacturing of PLA-based composites using fused filament fabrication: Effect of graphene nanoplatelet reinforcement on mechanical properties, dimensional accuracy and texture,” Polymers (Basel)., 2019.
A. Manta, M. Gresil, and C. Soutis, “Multi-scale finite element analysis of graphene/polymer nanocomposites: Electrical performance,” in ECCOMAS Congress 2016 - Proceedings of the 7th European Congress on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences and Engineering, 2016.
C. C. Eng, N. A. Ibrahim, N. Zainuddin, H. Ariffin, W. M. Z. W. Yunus, and Y. Y. Then, “Enhancement of mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of hydrophilic nanoclay reinforced polylactic acid/polycaprolactone/oil palm mesocarp fiber hybrid composites,” International Journal of Polymer Science, 2014.
R. N. Darie et al., “Effect of nanoclay hydrophilicity on the poly(lactic acid)/clay nanocomposites properties,” Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research., 2014.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 The Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
