Impact of drying methods on antioxidant capacity and anti-photoaging of Cosmos caudatus extract for potential cosmeceutical applications
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15282/jceib.v12i2.14396Keywords:
Anti-aging, Antioxidants, Collagen synthesis, Cosmos caudatus, Post-extraction DryingAbstract
Cosmos caudatus possesses well-known antioxidant properties. Nonetheless, the impact of drying after extraction on the preservation of antioxidants and the subsequent anti-photoaging activity has yet to be investigated. This study investigated the effects of different drying techniques on the antioxidant content and anti-photoaging activity of C. caudatus aqueous extracts. The extract was obtained by Soxhlet extraction (1:25 w/v, 8 h) and was dried using freeze, spray or oven drying prior to analysis. The extract's anti-photoaging effect was assessed in ultraviolet B (UVB)-irradiated HSF1184 fibroblasts using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell viability assay and the Sircol collagen assay. Freeze-drying yielded the highest antioxidant capacity by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay (0.92 ± 0.020 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/g) and ascorbic acid (AA) content determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (0.69 ± 0.06 mg/g) compared with spray and oven drying. Treatment with the freeze-dried extract significantly enhanced collagen synthesis in the UVB-irradiated fibroblasts (p < 0.05), reaching 92.86% and 143.65% relative to the non-UV control at 100 mg/mL and 500 mg/mL, respectively. The effect was comparable to the treatment with AA at 100 g/mL (97.85%). These findings demonstrate that freeze-drying effectively preserves AA content, while the resulting C. caudatus aqueous extract retains anti-photoaging activity, highlighting the critical role of drying methods in preserving bioactivity for potential cosmeceutical applications.
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