Development and Application of the Douglas-Xu Model for the Extraction of Rare Earth Elements: A Case Study of Extraction of Extraction from Saprolitic ionic Adsorption Clay
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15282/jceib.v11i2.12126Keywords:
Douglas-Xu Model, Solvent Extraction , Douglas Method Xu’s Counter-currentAbstract
The extraction of rare earth elements is complex and resource-intensive, requiring innovative approaches to optimize technical and economic outcomes. This study introduces the Douglas-Xu model, which integrates the Douglas design methodology with Xu's counter-current principle to enhance economic evaluation and process optimization of REE separation. The model comprises five hierarchical levels—input information, operation mode, input-output structure, recycling, and separation/filtration—each incorporating economic potential analysis to ensure cost-effective design. Applied to a case study on extracting REEs from Malaysian saprolitic ionic adsorption clay for a 10,000-ton production target, the study emphasizes economic viability, process integration, and environmental considerations. The results demonstrate that the Douglas-Xu model effectively balances process optimization with economic performance, offering a comprehensive approach that addresses the limitations of existing methods. This model shows promise for improving the sustainability and profitability of REE extraction, particularly in regions outside China, where resource availability and market dynamics differ.
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