Optimisation of phytochemical compound extraction from Cyperus rotundus using central composite design
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15282/jceib.v12i2.11482Keywords:
Cyperus rotundus, Phytochemical compound, Central composite design, Design expert software, Response surface methodologyAbstract
Cyperus rotundus, or purple nutsedge, is a plant native to Africa or India that has since spread globally, becoming a widespread and troublesome weed in tropical and warm-temperate regions, including Malaysia. Despite its negative impact on agriculture, this plant has been traditionally used for medicinal purposes and remains the focus of ongoing research for its potential pharmacological benefits. This study aims to evaluate and optimise the effects of extraction time (h) and agitation speed (rpm) on the yield of phytochemical compounds (total phenolic, total flavonoid, and antioxidant activity) from C. rotundus using response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD). CCD was employed in Design-Expert software version 7.0.0.0 to optimise the extraction of phytochemical compounds from C. rotundus. The total phenolic compound (TPC), total flavonoid compound (TFC), and antioxidant activity (AA) were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The optimum condition is achieved at 5.12 h of extraction time and 195 rpm agitation speed, with TPC, TFC, and AA at their maximum values of 0.1399 mg/mL, 0.1778 mg/mL, and 0.8391 mg/mL, respectively. The results indicate that the interaction between extraction time and agitation speed had a significant effect on all phytochemical responses, whereas the individual effects of extraction time and agitation speed were significant only for AA extraction. The findings of this study are vital for conserving the therapeutic content of Cyperus rotundus during the processing stage and may enhance product quality in the future, which may aid the commercialisation of Cyperus rotundus.
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