Application of two-level full factorial design for the extraction of antioxidant activity from Decapterus Maruadsi waste by wet rendering method

Abstract

Fisheries has emerged as one of the growing sectors in Malaysia.  However, the fisheries sector creates considerable fish waste and directly disposed into the sea, river, sewer and onto land, resulting in environmental pollution. Fish wastes can be exploited into value-added products due to the presence of antioxidants and other bioactive components. The objective of this research is to evaluate the parameters of wet rendering method in the extraction of antioxidants from Decapterus Maruadsi waste using a two-level factorial design. The antioxidants recovery was randomized into 16 runs by Design Expert software, and its activity was determined by ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) Radical Scavenging Assay. Then, an additional confirmation experiment was subsequently conducted by using the optimal value of the most optimum condition to verify the validity of the model developed by the Design Expert. The optimized result obtained was 58.04 mg/L with deviation of 0.08% between experimental and predicted values from Design Expert.  Thus, the fish waste from Decapterus Maruadsi waste can be proposed to be used as natural antioxidant.