THE ROLE OF SMART ORGANISATIONS IN ORGANISATIONAL AMBIDEXTERITY: A STUDY OF EDUCATIONAL SUPERVISORS’ PERSPECTIVES AT DUHOK GOVERNORATE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15282/ijim.19.1.2025.12104Keywords:
Smart organisations, Organisational ambidexterity, Educational, Educational Supervisors, Duhok GovernorateAbstract
Recent technological advancement has prompted smart organisations to become the focal point of any organisation. This research investigates the role of smart organisations (understanding the environment, finding strategic alternatives, continuous learning, smart processes, and intelligence teams) in organisational ambidexterity (exploration and exploitation of ambidexterity). Simple random sampling was used to select 60 educational supervisors in the Duhok Governorate. A quantitative approach via survey questionnaire was employed for data collection and Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used for data analysis purposes. The findings demonstrated a significant relationship between smart organisations and organisational ambidexterity. Future studies are recommended to investigate the nexus between additional factors and their moderating and mediating roles as well as exploring the strategic differences between balancing exploration and exploitation and maximising their scope.
References
Abiodun, T. S., Rampersad, G., & Brinkworth, R. (2023). Driving smartness for organizational performance through Industry 4.0: A systems perspective. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 34(9), 40-63.
Adamik, A. (2020). SMEs on the Way to the Smart World of Industry 4.0. In Eurasian Business Perspectives: Proceedings of the 25th Eurasia Business and Economics Society Conference (pp. 139-156). Springer International Publishing.
Adamik, A., & Sikora-Fernandez, D. (2021). Smart organizations as a source of competitiveness and sustainable development in the age of industry 4.0: Integration of micro and macro perspective. Energies, 14(6), 1572.
Al-Abadi, H.F., (2012). Organizational intelligence as a business practice towards building a smart organization: A conceptual perspective. 11th Annual Scientific Course, Business Intelligence and Knowledge Economy, College of Administration and Economics, University of Kufa, Iraq, 76.
Al-Ali, H.A.H and Al-Ani, A.A, (2018). Big data approach to enhance organizational ambidexterity: An exploratory study of a sample of managers at Asia cell for a mobile telecommunication company in Iraq. Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences. 24(105). 216-293.
Al-Atwi, A. A., Amankwah-Amoah, J., & Khan, Z. (2021). Micro-foundations of organizational design and sustainability: The mediating role of learning ambidexterity. International Business Review, 30(1), 101656.
Alexandro, R., & Basrowi, B. (2024). Measuring the effectiveness of smart digital organizations on digital technology adoption: An empirical study of educational organizations in Indonesia. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 8(1), 139-150.
Al-Jumai, W.A.M, Al-Harithi, N.E.M, (2021), The organizational ambidexterity of private school supervisors in Taif City from female teachers’ perspectives. Journal of Research in Education and Psychology, 36 (4), 479-516.
Al-Sakarna, B. (2005). Leadership strategies and their role in achieving competitive advantage and improving performance Communications Companies (2004-2005). [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Amman University, Amman-Jordan.
Al-Sarhani, L. Darwish. (2019). The role of organizational ambidexterity in developing the organizational climate in public schools in Al-Kharj Governorate from the Viewpoint of its Leader. [Unpublished master's thesis]. Prince University.
Al-Sharafi, S. (2020). Improvement according to ISO 9001:2015 and its role in building the smart organization: A case study of the Palestinian Telecom Group companies. Journal of Management and Economics Research, 2(3), 63-77.
Al-Shyyab, Y. (2023). The impact of strategic ambidexterity on smart organization in Jordan Telecom Group (Orange). Al-Mithqal for Economic and Administrative Sciences and Information Technology, 9(2), 1-20.
Al-Taie, Y. H., Al-Sayegh, M. J., & Hadi, A. Q. (2013). Formulating the company’s sustainable strategy in building smart organizations: An exploratory study of the opinions of a sample of managers in Zain Iraq Telecommunications Company. Al-Ghari Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences, 9(25), 119–150.
AlZayani, F., Mohammed, A., & Shoaib, H. M. (2024). The impact of smart technologies on SMEs’ sustainability: the mediation effect of sustainability strategy. Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal, 34(1), 28-50.
Al-Zoubi, M. (2020). The impact of talent management strategies in smart organizations: the mediating role of intellectual capital in Hamad Medical Corporation in Qatar. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. International University of Islamic Sciences, Amman – Jordan.
Andrade, J., Mendes, L., & Franco, M. (2024). The effect of owner-managers’ personality traits on organizational ambidexterity in the context of small and medium-sized enterprises. Sustainability, 16(2), 507.
Andriopoulos, C., & Lewis, M. W. (2009). Exploitation-exploration tensions and organizational ambidexterity: Managing paradoxes of innovation. Organization science, 20(4), 696-717.
Arsawan, I. W. E., Koval, V., Rajiani, I., Rustiarini, N. W., Supartha, W. G., & Suryantini, N. P. S. (2022). Leveraging knowledge sharing and innovation culture into SMEs sustainable competitive advantage. International journal of productivity and performance management, 71(2), 405-428.
Beuses, A. G. G. (2019). Incidence of smart organizations in knowledge management. Koinonía Interdisciplinary Refereed Journal, 4(8), 366-393.
Bibi, A., Al-Ibbini, T., & Alzoubi, F. (2023). Intricate interplay between knowledge management and creative organizational climate effecting smart organization. International Journal of Business Analytics and Security, 3(2), 54-69.
Birkinshaw, J., & Gupta, K. (2013). Clarifying the distinctive contribution of ambidexterity to the field of organization studies. Academy of Management Perspectives, 27(4), 87-298.
Bresciani, S., Ferraris, A., & Del Giudice, M. (2018). The management of organizational ambidexterity through alliances in a new context of analysis: Internet of Things (IoT) smart city projects. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 136, 331-338.
Buhalis, D., O’Connor, P., & Leung, R. (2023). Smart hospitality: From smart cities and smart tourism towards agile business ecosystems in networked destinations. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 35(1), 369-393.
Chakma, R., Paul, J., & Dhir, S. (2024). Organizational ambidexterity: A review and research agenda. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 71, 121-137.
Clauss, T., Kraus, S., Kallinger, F. L., Bican, P. M., Brem, A., & Kailer, N. (2021). Organizational ambidexterity and competitive advantage: The role of strategic agility in the exploration-exploitation paradox. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 6(4), 203-213.
Duncan, R. B. (1976). The ambidextrous organization: Designing dual structures for innovation. In R. H. Kilmann, L. R. Pondy & D. Slevin (Eds.), The management of organization design: Strategies and implementation (pp. 167–188). North-Holland.
Ed-Dafali, S., Al-Azad, M. S., Mohiuddin, M., & Reza, M. N. H. (2023). Strategic orientations, organizational ambidexterity, and sustainable competitive advantage: Mediating role of industry 4.0 readiness in emerging markets. Journal of cleaner production, 401, 136765.
Ehido, A., Awang, Z., Halim, B. A., & Ibeabuchi, C. (2020). Developing items for measuring quality of work life among Malaysian academics: An exploratory factor analysis procedure. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Erdey, L., Liu, L., & Nagy, A. (2024). The nonlinear relationship between digital affordances and firm‐level export performance: The moderating role of organizational ambidexterity. Managerial and Decision Economics, 45(4), 1944-1964.
Gastaldi, L., Lessanibahri, S., Tedaldi, G., & Miragliotta, G. (2022). Companies’ adoption of Smart Technologies to achieve structural ambidexterity: an analysis with SEM. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 174, 121187.
Girod, S. J., Birkinshaw, J., & Prange, C. (2023). Business agility: key themes and future directions. California Management Review, 65(4), 5-21.
Godlewska-Majkowska, H., Komor, A., Pilewicz, T., & Zarębski, P. (2023). The regional environment of smart organisations as a source for entrepreneurship development in the EU. Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 11(3), 143-162.
Hareem, H. (2010). Organizations Management: A holistic perspective (2nd ed.). Dar Al-Hamid for Publishing and Distribution.
Hwang, B. N., Lai, Y. P., & Wang, C. (2023). Open innovation and organizational ambidexterity. European Journal of Innovation Management, 26(3), 862-884.
Ju, M., & Elliott, M. T. (2024). Antecedents of organizational ambidexterity: an empirical investigation of foreign ventures in an emerging market. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 39(2), 350-365.
Kalra, D., Kota, S., Alomari, G. I., Afifi, M. A., & Mushtaha, A. S. (2023, March). Toward smart organization: The metaverse as breakthrough for learning organization. In 2023 International Conference on Business Analytics for Technology and Security (ICBATS) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
Kandarkar, P. C., & Ravi, V. (2024). Investigating the impact of smart manufacturing and interconnected emerging technologies in building smarter supply chains. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management. Advance online publication.
Kassotaki, O. (2022). Review of organizational ambidexterity research. SAGE Open, 12(1), 1-22.
Katou, A. A., Budhwar, P. S., & Patel, C. (2021). A trilogy of organizational ambidexterity: Leader’s social intelligence, employee work engagement and environmental changes. Journal of Business Research, 128, 688-700.
Khaddam, A.A.H., Irtaimah, H.J., Badr, B., (2020). Impact of human resources management strategies on smart organizations: The mediating role of employee empowerment: (Field Study on a Group of Pharmacies Operating in the Capital, Amman). Global Journal of Economics and Business. 8(1), 117–148.
Koens, K., Melissen, F., Mayer, I., & Aall, C. (2021). The Smart City Hospitality Framework: Creating a foundation for collaborative reflections on overtourism that support destination design. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 19, 100376.
Lazarević, S., & Lukić, J. (2015). Building smart organization through learning and development. In Employment, Education and Entrepreneurship Conference Proceedings (pp. 256-268). Belgrade.
Leitão, J., de Brito, S., & Pereira, D. (2024). Organizational ambidexterity, open innovation and innovation outputs: How do followers and low-flyer EU countries innovate? International Journal of Innovation Studies, 8(2), 186-235.
Lis, A., Józefowicz, B., Tomanek, M., & Gulak-Lipka, P. (2018). The concept of the ambidextrous organization: Systematic literature review. International Journal of Contemporary Management, 17(1). 77-97.
Liu, W., Wei, S., Liang, Y., Wang, D., & Wang, J. (2021). Influencing factors on organizational efficiency of smart logistics ecological chain: A multi-case study in China. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 121(3), 545-566.
March, J. G. (1991). Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning. Organization science, 2(1), 71-87.
Matheson, D., & Matheson, J. (1998). The Smart Organization: Creating Value through Strategic R&D. Harvard Business Press.
Moreno-Luzon, M., Gil-Marques, M., Lloria, M. B., & Salas-Vallina, A. (2023). Quality-oriented human resource practices (QHRP), ambidextrous culture and organizational ambidexterity: A study of green agro-food companies. European Journal of Management and Business Economics, 118, 175 – 188.
Mottaghi, M., Shirvani, A., & Dalvi, M. R. (2022). Organizational ambidexterity model for digital innovation in the banking industry. International Journal of Digital Content Management, 3(4), 153-175.
O’reilly Iii, C. A., & Tushman, M. L. (2008). Ambidexterity as a dynamic capability: Resolving the innovator's dilemma. Research in Organizational Behavior, 28, 185-206.
Pescatore, I. (2022). Smart Organizations: A new relationship between organizations and individuals in the digital age. PuntOorg International Journal, 7(2), 93-107.
Pietsch, M., Tulowitzki, P., & Cramer, C. (2022). Principals between exploitation and exploration: Results of a nationwide study on ambidexterity of school leaders. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 50(4), 574-592.
Poulsen, K. M., & Arthur, M. B. (2005). Intelligent Career Navigation. American Society for Training and Development. 59(5). 77-79.
Qalati, S. A., Yuan, L. W., Khan, M. A. S., & Anwar, F. (2021). A mediated model on the adoption of social media and SMEs’ performance in developing countries. Technology in Society, 64, 101513.
Raisch, S., & Birkinshaw, J. (2008). Organizational ambidexterity: Antecedents, outcomes, and moderators. Journal of management, 34(3), 375-409.
Restuputri, D. P., Masudin, I., Septira, A. P., Govindan, K., & Widayat, W. (2024). The role of knowledge management to improve organizational performance through organizational ambidexterity within the uncertainties. Business Process Management Journal. Advance online publication.
Salim, B. T., & Ermakov, V. A. (2023). The role of early warning system in the building of smart organization. In Technological Trends in the AI Economy: International Review and Ways of Adaptation (pp. 409-428). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
Salim, B. T., & Sadiq, D. S. (2018). The role of the early warning system in building a smart organization: A survey of the opinions of a sample of managers in Korek and Asia cell cellular communications companies. Polytechnic Journal. 8(3), 367-407.
Sarmento, M., Simões, C., & Lages, L. F. (2024). From organizational ambidexterity to organizational performance: The mediating role of value co-creation. Industrial Marketing Management, 118, 175-188.
Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research Methods for Business: A Skill Building Approach (7th ed.). Wiley.
Selig, C. J., & Baltes, G. H. (2020). Strengthening Organizational Ambidexterity through Corporate Entrepreneurship Activities. In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE/ITMC) (pp. 1-9). IEEE.
Soares, J. L., dos Reis, D. R., da Cunha, J. C., & Neto, P. J. S. (2018). Organizational ambidexterity: A study in Brazilian higher education institutions. Journal of Technology Management & Innovation, 13(3), 36-46.
Souza, C. P. D. S., & Takahashi, A. R. W. (2019). Dynamic capabilities, organizational learning and ambidexterity in a higher education institution. The Learning Organization, 26(4), 397-411.
Stubner, S., Blarr, W. H., Brands, C., & Wulf, T. (2012). Organizational ambidexterity and family firm performance. Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, 25(2), 217-229.
Sweis, M., & Abdeen, I. A. S. (2019). The role of business intelligence systems in building organizational ingenuity by application to banks operating in Palestine. Islamic University Journal for Economic and Administrative Studies, 27(1), 65-78.
Tay, N. S., & Lusch, R. F. (2007). Agent-based modelling of ambidextrous organizations: virtualizing competitive strategy. IEEE Intelligent Systems, 22(5), 50-57.
Teece, D., Peteraf, M., & Leih, S. (2016). Dynamic capabilities and organizational agility: Risk, uncertainty, and strategy in the innovation economy. California Management Review, 58(4), 13-35.
Teresko, J. (2006). Winning with sustainability: Chairman and CEO Charles O. Holliday Jr., EI du Pont de Nemours and Company commits to sustainability via science and innovation. Industry Week, 255(12), 22-25.
Tian, H., Dogbe, C. S. K., Pomegbe, W. W. K., Sarsah, S. A., & Otoo, C. O. A. (2021). Organizational learning ambidexterity and openness, as determinants of SMEs' innovation performance. European Journal of Innovation Management, 24(2), 414-438.
Trieu, H. D., Van Nguyen, P., Nguyen, T. T., Vu, H. M., & Tran, K. (2023). Information technology capabilities and organizational ambidexterity facilitating organizational resilience and firm performance of SMEs. Asia Pacific Management Review, 28(4), 544-555.
Tushman, M. L., & O'Reilly III, C. A. (1996). Ambidextrous organizations: Managing evolutionary and revolutionary change. California Management Review, 38(4), 8-29.
Valipour-Parkouhi, S., Safaei Ghadikolaei, A., Fallah Lajimi, H., & Salimi, N. (2024). Smart manufacturing implementation: identifying barriers and their related stakeholders and components of technology. Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management. Advance online publication.
Vengerov, A. (2011). Collective learning and collective intelligence working together. International Journal of Learning, 18(2), 45-56.
Venugopal, A., Krishnan, T. N., Kumar, M., & Upadhyayula, R. S. (2019). Strengthening organizational ambidexterity with top management team mechanisms and processes. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 30(4), 586-617.
Wang, C., Jiao, H., & Song, J. (2023). Wear glasses for supervisors to discover the beauty of subordinates: Supervisor developmental feedback and organizational ambidexterity. Journal of Business Research, 158, 113650.
Yigit, M. (2013). Organizational ambidexterity: balancing exploitation and exploration in organizations (Master's thesis, Blekinge Institute of Technology, School of Management, Karlskrona, Sweden).
Yunita, T., Sasmoko, S., Bandur, A., & Alamsjah, F. (2023). Organizational ambidexterity: The role of technological capacity and dynamic capabilities in the face of environmental dynamism. Heliyon, 9(4). e4817.
Zhang, M. J., Zhang, Y., & Law, K. S. (2022). Paradoxical leadership and innovation in work teams: The multilevel mediating role of ambidexterity and leader vision as a boundary condition. Academy of Management Journal, 65(5), 1652-1679.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
