Optimization of Noise Emission Level in Diesel Engine with Biodiesel Application Using Response Surface Methodology
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15282/ijame.21.4.2024.13.0916Keywords:
Diesel engine, Noise emission, Biodiesel, Optimization, RSMAbstract
This study used biodiesel to run a single-cylinder direct-injection diesel engine. The palm oil methyl ester is blended in different ratios of up to 20% and tested with different engine speeds and loads for noise level measurement. Mathematical modeling was then developed to correlate responses obtained by the noise levels of the engine components to the factors, including engine speed, engine load, and biodiesel blending percentage. Finally, using the developed models, all the numeric factors were optimized. Modeling results indicated that the significance of factors could vary for the engine components, whereas in this study, the intake phase-related factors showed the significance of all factors. Meanwhile, the optimization results highlighted that the best solution with the highest desirability number to satisfy all the responses was the B20 fuel blend (20% biodiesel fuel and 80% diesel fuel blend by volume) with 1200 rpm of engine speed. In conclusion, the study's outcomes revealed that optimization should be considered in developing a new policy for using biofuel in internal combustion engines.
References
[1] A. Saravanan, S. Karishma, P. Senthil Kumar, and R. Jayasree, “Process optimization and kinetic studies for the production of biodiesel from Artocarpus heterophyllus oil using modified mixed quail waste catalyst,” Fuel, vol. 330, p. 125644, 2022.
[2] T. Sathish Kumar, R. Vignesh, B. Ashok, Pajarla Saiteja, Ashwin Jacob, C. Karthick, et al., “Application of statistical approaches in IC engine calibration to enhance the performance and emission Characteristics: A methodological review,” Fuel, vol. 324, p. 124607, 2022.
[3] A. Şanlı and İ. T. Yılmaz, “Cycle-to-cycle combustion analysis in hydrogen fumigated common-rail diesel engine,” Fuel, vol. 320, p. 123887, 2022.
[4] K. Viswanathan, M. Ikhsan Taipabu, and W. Wu, “Novel Petit grain bitter orange waste peel oil biofuel investigation in diesel engine with modified fuel injection pressure and bowl geometry,” Fuel, vol. 319, p. 123660, 2022.
[5] T. Sathish Kumar, B. Ashok, M. Senthil Kumar, R. Vignesh, Pajarla Saiteja, Karthik Ramachandra Bhat Hire, et al., “Biofuel powered engine characteristics improvement through split injection parameter multivariate optimization with titanium based nano-particle additives,” Fuel, vol. 322, p. 124178, 2022.
[6] J. C. Ge, G. Wu, and N. J. Choi, “Comparative study of pilot–main injection timings and diesel/ethanol binary blends on combustion, emission and microstructure of particles emitted from diesel engines,” Fuel, vol. 313, p.122658, 2022.
[7] V. Velmurugan, S. M. Aathif Akmal, V. Paramasivam, and S. Thanikaikarasan, “Prediction of vibration and exhaust gas emission characteristics using palm oil with nano particle diesel fuel,” Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 21, pp. 800–805, 2020.
[8] S. M. Aathif Akmal and G. Bharathiraja, “Prediction of dynamic characteristics of four cylinder engine chassis using Finite element analysis approach,” Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 62, pp. 5302–5306, 2022.
[9] J. Sagari, S. Vdapalli, R. Medidi, R. S. Hota, S. N. Kota, and C. Dibba, “Combustion and vibration study of a direct injection compression ignition engine fuelled with Moringa oleifera biodiesel–diesel blends,” International Journal of Ambient Energy, p. 6142 – 6148, 2021.
[10] A. Kolakoti and H. Koten, “Effect of supercharging in neat biodiesel fuelled naturally aspirated diesel engine combustion, vibration and emission analysis,” Energy, vol. 260, p. 125054, 2022.
[11] Ü. Ağbulut, M. Karagöz, S. Sarıdemir, and A. Öztürk, “Impact of various metal-oxide based nanoparticles and biodiesel blends on the combustion, performance, emission, vibration and noise characteristics of a CI engine,” Fuel, vol. 270, p. 117521, 2020.
[12] S. Sarıdemir and Ü. Ağbulut, “Combustion, performance, vibration and noise characteristics of cottonseed methyl ester–diesel blends fuelled engine,” Biofuels, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 201–210, 2022.
[13] S. Jaikumar, S. K. Bhatti, V. Srinivas, R. Satyameher, S. B. Padal, and D. Chandravathi, “Combustion, vibration, and noise characteristics of direct injection VCR diesel engine fuelled with Mesua ferrea oil methyl ester blends,” International Journal of Ambient Energy, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 1569–1580, 2022.
[14] A. Broatch, R. Novella, J. M. Pastor, J. Gomez-Soriano, and P. K. Senecal, “Engine optimization using computational fluid dynamics and genetic algorithms,” in Artificial Intelligence and Data Driven Optimization of Internal Combustion Engines, pp. 71–101, 2022.
[15] M. Zhang, S. Liu, X. Hou, H. Dong, C. Cui, and Y. Li, “Reliability Modeling and Analysis of a Diesel Engine Design Phase Based on 4F Integration Technology,” Applied Sciences (Switzerland), vol. 12, no. 13, p.6513, 2022.
[16] M. Deb, B. Debbarma, A. Majumder, and R. Banerjee, “Performance –emission optimization of a diesel-hydrogen dual fuel operation: A NSGA II coupled TOPSIS MADM approach,” Energy, vol. 117, pp. 281–290, 2016.
[17] Q. Lan, L. Fan, Y. Bai, Y. Gu, and L. Wen, “Experimental and numerical investigation on pressure characteristics of the dual-valve controlled fuel system for low-speed diesel engines,” Fuel, vol. 294, no. February, p. 120501, 2021.
[18] T. Y. Motlagh, L. N. Azadani, and K. Yazdani, “Multi-objective optimization of diesel injection parameters in a natural gas/diesel reactivity controlled compression ignition engine,” Applied Energy, vol. 279, p. 115746, 2020.
[19] J. Moradi, A. Gharehghani, and M. Aghahasani, “Application of machine learning to optimize the combustion characteristics of RCCI engine over wide load range,” Fuel, vol. 324, p. 124494, 2022.
[20] P. K. Sahu and S. Sharma, “Multiple objective optimization of a diesel engine fueled with Karanja biodiesel using response surface methodology,” Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 52, pp. 2065–2072, 2022.
[21] Y. Datta Bharadwaz, B. Govinda Rao, V. Dharma Rao, and C. Anusha, “Improvement of biodiesel methanol blends performance in a variable compression ratio engine using response surface methodology,” Alexandria Engineering Journal, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 1201–1209, 2016.
[22] B. Ashok A.K. Jeevanantham, R. Vignesh, Kartik R. Bhat Hire, K. Prabhu, R.A. Raaj Kumar, et al., “Calibration of engine parameters and fuel blend for vibration and noise characteristics in CRDI engine fuelled with low viscous biofuel,” Fuel, vol. 288, p. 119659, 2021.
[23] V. B. Veljković, A. V. Veličković, J. M. Avramović, and O. S. Stamenković, “Modeling of biodiesel production: Performance comparison of Box–Behnken, face central composite and full factorial design,” Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, vol. 27, no. 7, pp. 1690–1698, 2019.
[24] S. Uslu, S. Simsek, and H. Simsek, “RSM modeling of different amounts of nano-TiO2 supplementation to a diesel engine running with hemp seed oil biodiesel/diesel fuel blends,” Energy, vol. 266, p. 126439, 2023.
[25] N. Hu, P. Zhou, and J. Yang, “Comparison and combination of NLPQL and MOGA algorithms for a marine medium-speed diesel engine optimisation,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 133, pp. 138–152, 2017.
[26] P. Jena, R. Raj, and J. V. Tirkey, “Thermodynamic performance study and RSM based optimization of SI engine using sewage sludge producer gas blend with methane,” Energy, vol. 273, p. 127179, 2023.
[27] F. Jaliliantabar, B. Ghobadian, G. Najafi, R. Mamat, and A. P. Carlucci, “Multi-objective NSGA-II optimization of a compression ignition engine parameters using biodiesel fuel and exhaust gas recirculation,” Energy, vol. 187, p.115970, 2019.
[28] T. Kocakulak S. Halis, S. M. S. Ardebili, M. Babagiray, C. Has¸imo˘glu, et al., “Predictive modelling and optimization of performance and emissions of an auto-ignited heavy naphtha/n-heptane fueled HCCI engine using RSM,” Fuel, vol. 333, p. 126519, 2023.
[29] R. Raj, D. Kumar Singh, and J. Vachan Tirkey, “Performance simulation and optimization of SI engine fueled with peach biomass-based producer gas and propane blend,” Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, vol. 41, p. 101816, 2023.
[30] A. Jain, B. J. Bora, R. Kumar, P. Sharma, and H. Deka, “Theoretical potential estimation and multi-objective optimization of Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia Crassipes) biodiesel powered diesel engine at variable injection timings,” Renew Energy, vol. 206, pp. 514–530, 2023.
[31] S. Bari, T. H. Lim, and C. W. Yu, “Effects of preheating of crude palm oil (CPO) on injection system, performance and emission of a diesel engine,” Renewable Energy, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 339–351, 2002.
[32] W. Niklawy, M. Shahin, M. I. Amin, and A. Elmaihy, “Comprehensive analysis of combustion phasing of multi-injection HCCI diesel engine at different speeds and loads,” Fuel, vol. 314, p. 123083, 2022.
[33] M. D. Redel-Macías, S. Pinzi, M. F. Ruz, A. J. Cubero-Atienza, and M. P. Dorado, “Biodiesel from saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid methyl esters and their influence over noise and air pollution,” Fuel, vol. 97, pp. 751–756, 2012.
[34] M. Y. E. Selim, “Pressure-time characteristics in diesel engine fueled with natural gas,” Renewable Energy, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 473–489, 2001.
[35] M. R. Seifi, S. R. Hassan-Beygi, B. Ghobadian, U. Desideri, and M. Antonelli, “Experimental investigation of a diesel engine power, torque and noise emission using water-diesel emulsions,” Fuel, vol. 166, pp. 392–399, 2016.
[36] B. Dykas and J. Harris, “Acoustic emission characteristics of a single cylinder diesel generator at various loads and with a failing injector,” Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 93, pp. 397–414, 2017.
[37] B. Ashok, K. Nanthagopal, V. Anand, K. M. Aravind, A. K. Jeevanantham, and S. Balusamy, “Effects of n-octanol as a fuel blend with biodiesel on diesel engine characteristics,” Fuel, vol. 235, pp. 363–373, 2019.
[38] G. Sheng, H. Zheng, M. Qatu, and R. V. Dukkipati, “Modelling of friction-induced noise of timing belt,” International Journal of Vehicle Noise and Vibration, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 285–303, 2008.
[39] Z. Jing, Chunhua Zhang, Panpan Cai, Yangyang Li, Zhaoyang Chen, Songfeng Li, et al., “Multiple-objective optimization of a methanol/diesel reactivity controlled compression ignition engine based on non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II,” Fuel, vol. 300, p. 120953, 2021.
[40] H. Hosseinzadeh-Bandbafha, M. Tabatabaei, M. Aghbashlo, M. Khanali, and A. Demirbas, “A comprehensive review on the environmental impacts of diesel/biodiesel additives,” Energy Convers Manag, vol. 174, no. June, pp. 579–614, 2018.
[41] A. Dimeo, G. Alegre, G. Modeo, N. Bellato, and T. Moura, “Plastic Intake Manifold Influence on the NVH Performance in PFI Engine,” SAE Technical Papers, vol. 2012, p. 0615, 2012.
[42] M. D. Redel-Macías, S. Pinzi, D. Leiva, A. J. Cubero-Atienza, and M. P. Dorado, “Air and noise pollution of a diesel engine fueled with olive pomace oil methyl ester and petrodiesel blends,” Fuel, vol. 95, pp. 615–621, 2012.
[43] G. Wu, J. C. Ge, and N. J. Choi, “A comprehensive review of the application characteristics of biodiesel blends in diesel engines,” Applied Sciences (Switzerland), vol. 10, no. 22, pp. 1–31, 2020.
[44] K. Çelebi, E. Uludamar, and M. Özcanlı, “Evaluation of fuel consumption and vibration characteristic of a compression ignition engine fuelled with high viscosity biodiesel and hydrogen addition,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 42, no. 36, pp. 23379–23388, 2017.
[45] S. H. Hosseini, A. Taghizadeh-Alisaraei, B. Ghobadian, and A. Abbaszadeh-Mayvan, “Artificial neural network modeling of performance, emission, and vibration of a CI engine using alumina nano-catalyst added to diesel-biodiesel blends,” Renewable Energy, vol. 149, pp. 951–961, 2020.
[46] P. Zareh, A. A. Zare, and B. Ghobadian, “Comparative assessment of performance and emission characteristics of castor, coconut and waste cooking based biodiesel as fuel in a diesel engine,” Energy, vol. 139, pp. 883–894, 2017.
[47] Z. Xu Ming Jia, Yaopeng Li, Yachao Chang, Guangfu Xu, Leilei Xu, et al., “Computational optimization of fuel supply, syngas composition, and intake conditions for a syngas/diesel RCCI engine,” Fuel, vol. 234, no. June, pp. 120–134, 2018.
[48] V. Soloiu J. Moncada, A. Knowles, T. Naes, E. Simons, M. Muiños, et al., “Combustion performance, noise, and vibrations of an IDI engine fueled with carinata biofuel,” in ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, Proceedings (IMECE), 2016.
[49] A. Balyasnikov, A. Gritsenko, S. Shepelev, and E. Mukhametdinov, “Vibration analysis of amplitude and speed signals from collisions of gas distribution mechanism parts,” Transportation Research Procedia, vol. 57, pp. 41–48, 2021.
[50] A. Uyumaz, “Combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a DI diesel engine fueled with mustard oil biodiesel fuel blends at different engine loads,” Fuel, vol. 212, pp. 256–267, 2018.
[51] V. Soloiu A. R. Knowles, C. E. Carapia, J. D. Moncada, J. T. Wiley, M. Kilpatrick, J. Williams, et al., “n-Butanol and Oleic Acid Methyl Ester, Combustion and NVH Characteristics In Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition,” Energy, vol. 207, p. 118183, 2020.
[52] C. Patel, N. Tiwari, and A. K. Agarwal, “Experimental investigations of Soyabean and Rapeseed SVO and biodiesels on engine noise, vibrations, and engine characteristics,” Fuel, vol. 238, pp. 86–97, 2019.
[53] M. A. Fazal, A. S. M. A. Haseeb, and H. H. Masjuki, “Investigation of friction and wear characteristics of palm biodiesel,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 67, pp. 251–256, 2013.
[54] J. Mao, Z. Y. Hao, G. X. Jing, X. Zheng, and C. Liu, “Sound quality improvement for a four-cylinder diesel engine by the block structure optimization,” Applied Acoustics, vol. 74, no. 1, pp. 150–159, 2013.
[55] S. Kanth, T. Ananad, S. Debbarma, and B. Das, “Effect of fuel opening injection pressure and injection timing of hydrogen enriched rice bran biodiesel fuelled in CI engine,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 46, no. 56, pp. 28789–28800, 2021.
[56] X. Zhao, Z. Yang, B. Pan, R. Wang, and L. Wang, “Analysis of excitation source characteristics and their contribution in a 2-cylinder diesel engine,” Measurement (Lond), vol. 176, p. 109195, 2021.
[57] M. Sangeetha, P. Boomadevi, A. S. Khalifa, K. Brindhadevi, and M. Sekar, “Vibration, acoustic and emission characteristics of the chlorella vulgaris microalgae oil in compression ignition engine to mitigate environmental pollution,” Chemosphere, vol. 293, p. 133475, 2022.
[58] A. Archer and J. McCarthy, “Quantification of Diesel Engine Vibration Using Cylinder Deactivation for Exhaust Temperature Management and Recipe for Implementation in Commercial Vehicles,” SAE Technical Papers, vol. 2018, pp. 1–9, 2018.
[59] L. Geng, L. Bi, Q. Li, H. Chen, and Y. Xie, “Experimental study on spray characteristics, combustion stability, and emission performance of a CRDI diesel engine operated with biodiesel–ethanol blends,” Energy Reports, vol. 7, pp. 904–915, 2021.
[60] M. Karagöz, Ü. Ağbulut, and S. Sarıdemir, “Waste to energy: Production of waste tire pyrolysis oil and comprehensive analysis of its usability in diesel engines,” Fuel, vol. 275, 2020, p. 117844, 2020.
[61] J. Chen, R. B. Randall, and B. Peeters, “Advanced diagnostic system for piston slap faults in IC engines, based on the non-stationary characteristics of the vibration signals,” Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 75, pp. 434–454, 2016.
[62] G. Chiatti, O. Chiavola, and F. Palmieri, “Vibration and acoustic characteristics of a city-car engine fueled with biodiesel blends,” Applied Energy, vol. 185, pp. 664–670, 2017.
[63] A. Taghizadeh-Alisaraei and A. Rezaei-Asl, “The effect of added ethanol to diesel fuel on performance, vibration, combustion and knocking of a CI engine,” Fuel, vol. 185, pp. 718–733, 2016.
[64] M. Bala Chennaiah, K. D. Kumar, G. D. Babu, S. R. Tanneeru, and B. K. Priya, “An experimental investigation on emission characteristics and vibration analysis of a diesel engine,” Advances in Materials and Processing Technologies, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 1–14, 2022.
[65] A. Yaşar, A. Keskin, Ş. Yıldızhan, and E. Uludamar, “Emission and vibration analysis of diesel engine fuelled diesel fuel containing metallic based nanoparticles,” Fuel, vol. 239, pp. 1224–1230, 2019.
[66] M. Zubel, O. P. Bhardwaj, B. Heuser, B. Holderbaum, S. Doerr, and J. Nuottimäki, “Advanced fuel formulation approach using blends of paraffinic and oxygenated biofuels: analysis of emission reduction potential in a high efficiency diesel combustion system,” SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 481–492, 2016.
[67] I. M. Rizwanul Fattah, H. H. Masjuki, A. M. Liaquat, R. Ramli, M. A. Kalam, and V. N. Riazuddin, “Impact of various biodiesel fuels obtained from edible and non-edible oils on engine exhaust gas and noise emissions,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 18, pp. 552–567, 2013.
[68] L. Geng, L. Bi, Q. Li, H. Chen, and Y. Xie, “Experimental study on spray characteristics, combustion stability, and emission performance of a CRDI diesel engine operated with biodiesel–ethanol blends,” Energy Reports, vol. 7, pp. 904–915, 2021.
[69] Ü. Ağbulut, M. Karagöz, S. Sarıdemir, and A. Öztürk, “Impact of various metal-oxide based nanoparticles and biodiesel blends on the combustion, performance, emission, vibration and noise characteristics of a CI engine,” Fuel, vol. 270, p. 117521, 2020.
[70] H. Mahdisoozani M. Mohsenizadeh, M. Bahiraei, A. Kasaeian, A. Daneshvar, M. Goodarzi, et al., “Performance enhancement of internal combustion engines through vibration control: State of the art and challenges,” Applied Sciences, vol. 9, no. 3, p. 406, 2019.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 The Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
