CHARACTERIZATION OF BIO-OIL FROM PALM KERNEL SHELL PYROLYSIS

Authors

  • R. Ahmad School of Environmental Engineering, University Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
  • N. Hamidin School of Environmental Engineering, University Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
  • U.F.M. Ali School of Environmental Engineering, University Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
  • C.Z.A. Abidin School of Environmental Engineering, University Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15282/jmes.7.2014.12.0110

Keywords:

Biomass; renewable energy; pyrolysis; palm kernel shell; bio-oil; char.

Abstract

Pyrolysis of palm kernel shell in a fixed-bed reactor was studied in this paper. The objectives were to investigate the effect of pyrolysis temperature and particle size on the products yield and to characterize the bio-oil product. In order to get the optimum pyrolysis parameters on bio-oil yield, temperatures of 350, 400, 450, 500 and 550 °C and particle sizes of 212–300 µm, 300–600 µm, 600µm–1.18 mm and 1.18–2.36 mm under a heating rate of 50 °C min-1 were investigated. The maximum bio-oil yield was 38.40% at 450 °C with a heating rate of 50 °C min-1 and a nitrogen sweep gas flow rate of 50 ml min-1 . The bio-oil products were analysed by Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GCMS). The FTIR analysis showed that the bio-oil was dominated by oxygenated species. The phenol, phenol, 2-methoxy- and furfural that were identified by GCMS analysis are highly suitable for extraction from the bio-oil as value-added chemicals. The highly oxygenated oils need to be upgraded in order to be used in other applications such as transportation fuels.

References

Omer AM. Built environment: Relating the benefits of renewable energy technologies. International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering. 2012;5:561-75.

Mat Hassan NN, M. Rus AZ. Acoustic performance of green polymer foam from renewable resources after UV exposure. International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering. 2014;9:1639-48.

Zhang Q, Chang J, Wang T, Xu Y. Review of biomass pyrolysis oil properties and upgrading research. Energy Conversion and Management. 2007;48:87-92.

Kamil M, Rahman MM, Bakar RA. Performance evaluation of external mixture formation strategy in hydrogen fueled engine. Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences. 2011;1:87-98.

Gharehghani A, Hosseini R, Yusaf T. Investigation of the effect of additives to natural gas on heavy-duty si engine combustion characteristics. Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences. 2013;5:677-87.

Ghobadian B, Najafi G, Nayebi M. A semi-empirical model to predict diesel engine combustion parameters. Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences. 2013;4:373-82.

Bridgwater AV. Review of fast pyrolysis of biomass and product upgrading. Biomass and Bioenergy. 2012;38:68-94.

Sukiran MA, Kheang LS, Bakar NA, May CY. Production and characterization of bio-char from the pyrolysis of empty fruit bunches. American Journal of Applied Sciences. 2011;8:984-8.

Kalyani Radha K, Naga Sarada S, Rajagopal K, Nagesh EL. Performance and emission characteristics of CI engine operated on vegetable oils as alternative fuels. International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering. 2011;4:414-27.

Mohanamurugan S, Sendilvelan S. Emission and combustion characteristics of different fuel In A HCCI engine. International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering. 2011;3:279-92.

Nematizade P, Ghobadian B, Najafi G. Investigation of fossil fuels and liquid biofuels blend properties using artificial neural network. International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering. 2012;5:639-47.

Shuangning X, Weiming Y, Li B. Flash pyrolysis of agricultural residues using a plasma heated laminar entrained flow reactor. Biomass and Bioenergy. 2005;29:135-41.

González J, Román S, Encinar J, Martínez G. Pyrolysis of various biomass residues and char utilization for the production of activated carbons. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 2009;85:134-41.

Al-Kayiem HH, Md Yunus Y. Drying of empty fruit bunches as wasted biomass by hybrid solar–thermal drying technique. Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences. 2013;5:652-61.

Noor MM, Wandel AP, Yusaf T. Design and development of MILD combustion burner. Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences. 2013;5:662-76.

Noor MM, Wandel AP, Yusaf T. The simulation of biogas combustion in a mild burner. Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences. 2014;6:995-1013.

Abnisa F, Daud W, Husin W, Sahu J. Utilization possibilities of palm shell as a source of biomass energy in Malaysia by producing bio-oil in pyrolysis process. Biomass and Bioenergy. 2011;35:1863-72.

Uzun BB, Pütün AE, Pütün E. Fast pyrolysis of soybean cake: product yields and compositions. Bioresource Technology. 2006;97:569-76.

Raja SA, Kennedy ZR, Pillai B, Lee C. Flash pyrolysis of jatropha oil cake in electrically heated fluidized bed reactor. Energy. 2010;35:2819-23.

Neves D, Thunman H, Matos A, Tarelho L, Gómez-Barea A. Characterization and prediction of biomass pyrolysis products. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science. 2011;37:611-30.

Phan Binh MQ, Duong Long T, Nguyen Viet D, Tran Trong B, Nguyen My HH, Nguyen Luong H, Nguyen Duc A, Luu Loc C. Evaluation of the production potential of bio-oil from Vietnamese biomass resources by fast pyrolysis. Biomass and Bioenergy. 2014;62;74-81.

Chan WCR, Kelbon M, Krieger-Brockett B. Single-particle biomass pyrolysis: correlations of reaction products with process conditions. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. 1988;27:2261-75.

Nurul Islam M, Zailani R, Nasir Ani F. Pyrolytic oil from fluidised bed pyrolysis of oil palm shell and itscharacterisation. Renewable Energy. 1999;17:73-84.

Bridgwater A. Production of high grade fuels and chemicals from catalytic pyrolysis of biomass. Catalysis Today. 1996;29:285-95.

Downloads

Published

2014-12-31

How to Cite

[1]
R. Ahmad, N. Hamidin, U.F.M. Ali, and C.Z.A. Abidin, “CHARACTERIZATION OF BIO-OIL FROM PALM KERNEL SHELL PYROLYSIS”, J. Mech. Eng. Sci., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 1134–1140, Dec. 2014.

Issue

Section

Article

Similar Articles

<< < 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.