Investigating the influence of water injection on the emissions of a diesel engine

M. Kettner; S. Dechent; M. Hofmann; E. Huber; H. Arruga; R. Mamat; G. Najafi

doi:10.15282/jmes.10.1.2016.11.0179

Authors

M. Kettner Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences (HsKA), Karlsruhe, Germany
S. Dechent Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences (HsKA), Karlsruhe, Germany
M. Hofmann Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences (HsKA), Karlsruhe, Germany
E. Huber Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences (HsKA), Karlsruhe, Germany
H. Arruga Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences (HsKA), Karlsruhe, Germany
R. Mamat Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia
G. Najafi Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15282/jmes.10.1.2016.11.0179

Keywords:

Diesel engine; water injection; NOx emission.

Abstract

There are many methods to decrease the nitrogen oxide emissions of a diesel engine. One promising measure is water injection into the engine’s intake manifold. As emission limits become more and more stringent, the diesel engine NOx–particulate trade-off is a challenge for engine developers. To overcome this challenge, a single-point water injection system has been developed to investigate the influence of different amounts of injected water on the behaviour of a 4-cylinder diesel engine. The amount of injected water was varied from 0 to 100% water-to-fuel ratio in part-load operation (BMEP = 2, 3.5 and 5 bar). The influence on the intake air cooling effect, exhaust emissions, combustion and engine parameters was evaluated. The combustion temperature and the NOx emissions decreased drastically (63% NOx decrease for a BMEP of 5 bar and a water-to-fuel ratio of 100%). This benefit had the drawback of an increase of the particle matter emission at high water-to-fuel ratio. The combustion process and performance parameters regarding efficiency, torque and fuel consumption were marginally influenced by the water injection. This work has achieved a major reduction of NOx raw emissions of a diesel engine. Further research lines could include research on water injection at high load operation points in the engine map.

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