Characteristics of six layered Al/Si3N4 functionally graded materials prepared through two-step pressureless sintering process

M. I. A. Latiff; I. Ismail; D.M. Nuruzzaman

doi:10.15282/jmes.15.4.2021.04.0670

Authors

M. I. A. Latiff Faculty of Manufacturing and Mechatronics Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia
I. Ismail Faculty of Manufacturing and Mechatronics Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia
D.M. Nuruzzaman College of Engineering and Technology (CEAT), International University of Business Agriculture and Technology (IUBAT), Dhaka, Bangladesh

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15282/jmes.15.4.2021.04.0670

Keywords:

Aluminium metal matrix composite, functionally graded materials, powder metallurgy, pressureless sintering, two-step sintering, Silicon Nitride

Abstract

The rapid advancement of the welding technology has simultaneously increased the demand for the online monitoring system in order to control the process. Among the methods that could be possibly used to assess the weld condition, an air-borne acoustic method grasps the attention from scholars due to its ability to provide a simple, non-contact, and low-cost measurement system. However, it is still lack of resources involving this subject in an attempt to deeply understand the emitted sound behaviour during welding especially when dealing with a complete deviation of a process parameter, welding types, workpiece material as well as the noise from the surrounding. This paper reviews the application of the acoustic method in monitoring the welding process. Specifically, this review emphasized the source of both structure-borne and air-borne acoustic during the welding process and the significance of applying the acoustic method in more detail. By focusing on the liquid state welding process, the scope of discussion converged on the arc and laser welding process. In the last part of this review, the potential future advancement of this method is pointed out before the overall conclusion is made.

References

P. Sharma, S. Sharma, and D. Khanduja, “Production and some properties of Si3N4 reinforced aluminium alloy composites,” J. Asian Ceram. Soc., vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 352–359, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.jascer.2015.07.002.

C. Zhang et al., “Effects of β-Si3N4 whiskers addition on mechanical properties and tribological behaviors of Al matrix composites,” Wear, vol. 430–431, no. 16, pp. 145–156, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.wear.2019.05.003.

S. N. S. Jamaludin, M. I. A. Latiff, D. M. Nuruzzaman, N. M. Ismail, and S. Basri, “Investigation on microstructure and hardness of nickel-alumina functionally graded material,” Mater. Today Proc., vol. 29, no. 26, pp. 127–132, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.05.644.

T. Dougherty and Y. Xu, “Properties and characterization of an aluminium–silicon nitride fibre powder metal composite,” SN Appl. Sci., vol. 1, no. 135, 2019, doi: 10.1007/s42452-018-0147-z.

K. A. Bhaskararao and G. R. Janardhana, “Experimental study on mechanical properties of Ni/TiO2 FGM processed by pressureless sintering technique,” Sadhana - Acad. Proc. Eng. Sci., vol. 45, no. 1, 2020, doi: 10.1007/s12046-020-01391-5.

Z. He, J. Ma, and G. E. B. Tan, “Fabrication and characteristics of alumina–iron functionally graded materials,” J. Alloys Compd., vol. 486, pp. 815–818, 2009, doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.07.073.

S. Yang, H. Kim, and C. S. Lee, “Investigation of shrinkage control in Ni-Al2O3 (Metal-Ceramic) functionally graded materials,” Ceram. Int., vol. 39, pp. 93–99, 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2012.05.100.

M. S. El-Wazery, A. R. El-Desouky, O. A. Hamed, N. A. Mansour, and A. A. Hassan, “Preparation and mechanical properties of Zirconia/Nickel functionally graded materials,” Arab J. Nucl. Sci. Appl., vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 435–446, 2012.

D.-G. Cho, S.-K. Yang, J.-C. Yun, H.-S. Kim, J.-S. Lee, and C. S. Lee, “Effect of sintering profile on densification of nano-sized Ni/Al2O3 composite,” Compos. Part B Eng., vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 159–164, 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2012.07.054.

M. A. Hussain et al., “Improved sinterability of hydroxyapatite functionally graded materials strengthened with SS316L and CNTs fabricated by pressureless sintering,” Ceram. Int., vol. 41, no. 8, pp. 10125–10132, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.04.110.

F. F. Kamaruzaman, D. M. Nuruzzaman, N. M. Ismail, Z. Hamedon, A. K. M. A. Iqbal, and A. Azhari, “Microstructure and properties of aluminium-aluminium oxide graded composite materials,” IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 319, no. 012046, pp. 1–6, 2018, doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/319/1/012046.

F. F. Kamaruzaman, D. M. Nuruzzaman, M. A. Chowdhury, S. N. S. Jamaludin, S. Basri, and Noor Mazni Ismail, “Characterisation of four-layered Al-Al2O3 functionally graded material prepared through powder metallurgy and pressureless sintering,” Int. J. Mater. Prod. Technol., vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 48–62, 2019.

M. I. A. Latiff, D. M. Nuruzzaman, S. Basri, N. M. Ismail, S. N. S. Jamaludin, and F. F. Kamaruzaman, “Preparation and characterization of 6-layered functionally graded nickel-alumina (Ni-Al2O3) composites,” IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 342, 2018, doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/342/1/012063.

K. A. Bhaskararao and G. R. Janardhana, “Microstructure, hardness and flexural strength of Ni/Al2O3 FGMs by pressureless sintering with different cooling rates,” Boletín la Soc. Española Cerámica y Vidr., vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 255–265, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.bsecv.2020.03.012.

C. Zhang et al., “Enhanced tensile properties of Al matrix composites reinforced with b-Si3N4 whiskers,” Compos. Part A, vol. 102, pp. 145–153, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2017.07.025.

M. Bhattacharyya, A. N. Kumar, and S. Kapuria, “Synthesis and characterization of Al/SiC and Ni/Al2O3 functionally graded materials,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A, vol. 487, no. 1–2, pp. 524–535, Jul. 2008, doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2007.10.040.

P. S. Raghavendra Rao and C. B. Mohan, “Study on mechanical performance of silicon nitride reinforced aluminium metal matrix composites,” Mater. Today Proc., vol. 33, no. 110, pp. 5534–5538, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.03.495.