Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray, and physical characteristics of biodegradable plastics of banana peel (Musa Paradisiaca) mixed tapioca starch

Authors

  • I. A. Ariffin Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Hub Pendidikan Pagoh, KM 1, Jalan Panchor, 84600 Pagoh, Muar, Johor, Malaysia
  • N. Marsi Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Hub Pendidikan Pagoh, KM 1, Jalan Panchor, 84600 Pagoh, Muar, Johor, Malaysia
  • N. A. Huzaisham Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Hub Pendidikan Pagoh, KM 1, Jalan Panchor, 84600 Pagoh, Muar, Johor, Malaysia
  • A. Z. M. Rus Advanced Manufacturing and Material Center, Institute of Integrated Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, 86400 Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
  • A. M. Said Angkasa Kowaris Plastics Sdn Bhd, Lot 15796, Block A & B, Jalan Kebun Tambahan, Seksyen 32, 40460 Shah Alam, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15282/jmes.18.3.2024.3.0800

Keywords:

Banana peel, Tapioca starch, Biodegradable, FTIR, Density, Porosity

Abstract

Bioplastics have become a subject of interest for numerous purposes, such as food packaging and biomedical applications. Synthetic plastic takes around 100 years to degrade due to its hydrophobic nature. The objective of this study was to identify the physical properties of thermoplastic starch (TPS)/ banana peel (BP) at eight different concentrations of banana peel (BP), namely 5 wt.%, 10 wt.%, 15 wt.%, 20 wt.%, 25 wt.%, 30 wt.%, 35 wt.% and 40 wt.%. BPs were cleaned, oven-dried at 70 ℃, and ground into a particle size of 0.23 ± 0.02 mm. BP extract was obtained through the maceration process to develop eight different concentrations of TPS/BP. The bioplastic characteristics regarding physical properties were presented using FTIR analysis, SEM analysis, density, and porosity tests. The resulting FTIR spectra revealed a similar pattern. However, the peak at 2853.5  revealed the presence of BP extracts with a slightly sharper spectrum. The 40 wt.% TPS/BP indicated uneven surface and the presence of predominant elements of  Mg, Na, Ca, and Fe, with values of 1.04%, 7.82%, 14.10%, and 7.52%, respectively. The 0 wt. % TPS/BP showed the highest degradation rate of 1.89 g and density of 1.32 But the lowest porosity of 0.09%. The TPS/BP biodegradable plastic has provided significant good physical properties to replace other synthetic polymers.

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Published

2024-09-30

How to Cite

[1]
I. A. Ariffin, N. Marsi, N. A. Huzaisham, A. Z. M. Rus, and A. M. Said, “Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray, and physical characteristics of biodegradable plastics of banana peel (Musa Paradisiaca) mixed tapioca starch”, J. Mech. Eng. Sci., vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 10127–10139, Sep. 2024.

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