Sulfate Resistance of Green Concrete Incorporating Ceramic Waste Powder and Sugarcane Bagasse Ash

Abstract

This study investigates the sulfate resistance of green concrete incorporating ceramic waste powder (CWP) and sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) as supplementary cementitious materials. The objective was to evaluate the impact of binary CWP–SCBA replacements on the durability and mechanical performance of concrete subjected to prolonged sulfate exposure. Six concrete mixes were developed with varying replacement levels (0–30%) by total binder weight. The experimental program assessed workability, compressive strength, mass change, and strength retention of specimens exposed to a 5% sodium sulfate solution for up to 90 days. The results showed that incorporating CWP and SCBA slightly reduced slump and density but significantly enhanced sulfate resistance compared to the control. The mix containing 15% SCBA and 5% CWP (M5) achieved the lowest mass loss and the highest strength retention (80.3%) after 90 days. This improvement was attributed to the pozzolanic activity and filler effects, which refined the microstructure and reduced permeability. These findings demonstrate that the combined use of ceramic and agricultural waste can improve concrete durability in sulfate-rich environments, supporting sustainable construction and waste valorization. The study recommends the partial replacement of Portland cement with CWP and SCBA as a viable and eco-friendly approach for enhancing concrete longevity in aggressive conditions.