Mechanical characteristics evaluation of dual phase and related hardening techniques on AISI 4340 steel

Authors

  • Sathyashankara Sharma Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India-576104
  • B. M Gurumurthy Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India-576104
  • U. Achutha Kini Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India-576104
  • Ananda Hegde Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India-576104
  • Ajinkya Patil Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India-576104

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15282/jmes.12.4.2018.03.0349

Keywords:

Bainite, austempering, microstructure, martensite

Abstract

Steel has wide range of applications and is used in various machinery and general metallic components. Depending on the particular application, steels with tailorable and appropriate properties are used. This requires various methods which can be used to alter the properties based on the requirements. Generally, mechanical properties of the steel are improved by conducting the heat treatment processes. The aim of the present work is to experimentally investigate the effects of conventional heat treatments and special hardening techniques for dual phase structure on mechanical properties of AISI 4340 steel. The test specimens are machined as per ASTM standards and hardness, tensile, impact and microstructure analysis were carried out after the heat treatment processes. Dual phase heat treatment to obtain ferrite-bainite structure is performed by heating the as-bought specimen to the intercritical temperature for two hours followed by isothermal holding in fusible salt bath containing sodium nitrate and sodium nitrite at subcritical temperature for 30 minutes and cooling in air to room temperature. Similarly, ferrite-martensite structure is obtained by air cooling after holding isothermally in the salt bath for 10 seconds.  Ferrite-bainite steel was observed to be soft, whereas ferrite-martensite steel was relatively harder. Austempered steel has high toughness with optimum hardness and conventionally hardened steel is the hardest among all. Microstructure shows colony of bainite and martensite in ferrite matrix of ferrite-bainite and ferrite-martensite dual phase structures respectively. An increase in brittleness was observed with the increase in hardness due to the conventional hardening to display lesser impact strength compared to austempered steel.

References

Asadi ZS, Mahboubi F. Effect of component’s geometry on the plasma nitriding behavior of AISI 4340 steel. Materials and Design. 2012;34:516–21.

Celik A, Karadeniz S. Improvement of the fatigue strength of AISI 4140 steel by an ion nitriding process. Surface and Coatings Technology. 1995;72:169–73.

Yerra S, Martin G, Veron M, Brechet Y, Mithieux J, Delannay L. Ductile fracture initiated by interface nucleation in two-phase elastoplastic systems. Engineering Fracture Mechanics. 2013;102:77–100.

Abdalla AJ, Hein LRO, Pereira MS, Hashimoto TM. Mechanical behaviour of strain aged dual phase steels. Materials Science and Technology. 1999;15:1167–70.

Erdogan M, Priestner R. Effect of martensite content, its dispersion, and epitaxial ferrite content on Bauschinger behaviour of dual phase steel. Journal of Materials Science and Technology. 2002;18:369–376.

Calcagnotto M, Adachi Y, Ponge D, Raabe D. Deformation and frcature mechanisum in fine and ultrafine grinde ferrite/martensite dual phase steels and the effect of aging. Acta Materialia. 2011;59:658-670.

Ramazani A, Schwedt A, Aretz A, Prahl U, Bleck W. Characterization and modelling of failure initiation in DP steel, Computational Materials Science. 2013;74:35-44.

Ramazani A, Abbasi M, Kazemiabnavi S, Schmauder S. Larson R, Prahl U. Development and application of a microstructure-based approach to characterize and model failure initiation in DP steels using XFEM. Materials Science and Engineering A. 2016;660:181-194.

Hozumi G, Yoshufumi A. Effect of varying load on wear resistance of carbon steel under unlubricated conditions. Wear. 2003;254:1256-1266.

Yan QZ, Liu WM, Qun JX. Comparative study of the tribological properties of various modified mild steels under boundary lubrication condition. Wear. 2005;38:508-514.

Anijdan SHM, Vahdani H. Room-temperature mechanical properties of dual phase steels deformed at high temperatures. Materials Letter. 2005;9:1828–1830.

Larour P, Verleysen P, Bleck W. Influence of uniaxial, biaxial and plane strain pre-straining on the dynamic tensile properties of high strength sheet steels. Journal of Physics. 2006;134:1085–1090.

Pradeep LM, Kishore, Satish V, Kailas. Influence of surface texture on coefficient of friction and transfer layer formation during sliding of pure Mg pin on EN 8 steel plate. Wear. 2006;261:578-591.

Anand PM, Effects of microstructure and experimental parameters on high stress abrasive wear behaviour of a 0.19 wt% Carbon dual phase steel. Tribology International Journal. 2007;40:490-497.

Sarwar M, Ahmad E, Qureshi KA, Manzoor. Influence of epitaxial ferrite on tensile properties of dual phase steel. Materials Design. 2007;28:335–40.

Suleyman G, Atilla T. Influence of straining and aging on the RT mechanical properties of dual phase steel. Materials and Design. 2008;29: 1914-1918.

Gunduz S, Demir B, Kacar R. Effect of aging temperature and martensite by volume on strain aging behaviour of dual phase steel. Iron making and Steel making. 2008;23:63–68.

Gurumurthy BM, Sharma SS, Kini UA. Ferrite-martensite dual phase treatment of AISI 1040 steel and mechanical characterization. Key Engineering Materials. 2017;748: 280-283.

Atcharawadi T, Chatdanai B. Tribological and corrosion behaviors of carburized AISI 4340 steel, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics. 2015;55:193-198.

ASTME E23 – 07A. An American National Standard Standard Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials. 2007.

ASTME 18 – 02. Standard Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell Superficial Hardness of Metallic Materials. 2002.

ASTM E8/E8M − 13. Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials. 2011.

Ravichandran M, Naveen SA, Vignesh U. Investigation on TIG welding parameters of 2205 duplex stainless steel, International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering. 2017;14:4518-4530.

Sujit KJ. Investigation of micro-structure and mechanical properties of three steel alloys. International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering. 2017;14:4315-4331.

Downloads

Published

2018-12-27

How to Cite

[1]
S. Sharma, B. M. Gurumurthy, U. A. Kini, A. Hegde, and A. Patil, “Mechanical characteristics evaluation of dual phase and related hardening techniques on AISI 4340 steel”, J. Mech. Eng. Sci., vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 4018–4029, Dec. 2018.

Issue

Vol. 12 No. 4 (2018): (December 2018)

Section

Article

License

Copyright (c) 2018 The Author(s)

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.