Revolution of Malaysia’s Kaolin to Metakaolin towards various application: A Mini Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15282/jmmst.v2i2.3027Keywords:
KaolinAbstract
The transformation of kaolin to metakaolin was studied in various state in Malaysia which is Segamat, Nitar, Lenggor, Ipoh, Bidor, Mersing, Sabah, and Sarawak. In Segamat, the kaolin has a light colour due to the high silicate composition and also contain high mineral such as kaolinite and quartz existed as impurities. Aluminum rich kaolin is bright in color with elevated plasticity and is commonly used in the ceramic, plastic, dye, fabric, pesticide, pharmaceutical and beauty industry. For Nitar and Lenggor, production of metakaolin occurs at 510°C and formation of mullite occur at 900°C. Both clays show good crystallization of pseudohexagonal to hexagonal kaolinite particles. Moreover, the classification of clay and the sizing are the significant characteristic to be determined using the method of the beneficiations. The method of beneficiations is crucially important to increase the quality of clay to meet the requirement for industry application. In Ipoh and Sarawak, the primary deposit is dominated by kaolin and the mixture of granites and diorites produced from weathering. On the other hand, in Bidor, the primary deposit is a mixture of kaolinite, muscovite and smectite also formed by weathering. The increasing amount of illite in secondary kaolin deposits in the Mersing area due to the marine deposition of those deposits where illite formed by the absorption of clay minerals from the seawater by pottasium. Kaolin in Kg Gading, Bongawan Sabah were treated with sodium hexametaphosphate to remove impurities in natural kaolin. The transformation of kaolin to metakaolin was conducted at 800°C for 5 hours.
References
Fiebiger W. 1990. Raw material requirements for traditional ceramic.
Hussin A, Rahman AHA, Ibrahim KZ. 2018. Mineralogy and geochemistry of clays from Malaysia and its industrial application. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci. 212:012040.
Hamzah U, Khor KL, Rahim S. 2010. Sifat-sifat fizik dan kandungan kimia lempung kaolin Segamat, Johor. Sains Malaysiana 39(1):31–8.
Khor PS. 2005. Sustainable mining of the clay resources In Peninsular Malaysia. Bull Geol Soc Malaysia 51:1–5.
Dombrowski T. 2000. The origin of kaolinite: Implication for utilization. Science of Whiteware. pp 3–12.
Basiran Y, Che Kasim Z, Ooi IE. 2008. Industrial Mineral Production Statistics and Directory of Producers in Malaysia 2007.
Harben PW, Bates RL. 1990. Industrial Minerals: Geology and World Deposits. Industrial Minerals Division, Metal Bulletin Plc.
Murray, H.H., 2000. Traditional and new applications for kaolin, smectite, and palygorskite: a general overview. Applied Clay Science 17, 207–221.
Veniale, F., 1997. Applicazioni e utilizzazioni medico-sanitarie di materiali argillosi naturali e modificati. Argille e Minerali delle Argille. Guida alla definizione di caratteristiche e proprietà per gli usi industriali. Italian Group of AIPEA, Course 1–4 October 1997, Rimini, Italy.
Veniale, F., 1999a. Le argille nelle terapie curative: dalla leggenda all'empirismo, fino ai tempi moderni. Mineralogica et Petrographica Acta XLII, 263–265.
Carrettero, M.I., 2002. Clay minerals and their beneficial effects upon human health. A review. Applied Clay Science 21, 155–163
Woywodt, A., Kiss, A., 2002. Geophagia: the history of earth-eating. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 95, 143–146.
Mahaney, W.C., Milner, M.W., Mulyono, H., Hancock, R.G.V., Aufreiter, S., Reich, M., Andwink, M., 2000. Mineral and chemical analyses of soils eaten by humans in Indonesia. International Journal of Environmental Health Research 10, 93–109.
Droy-Lefaix, M.T., Tateo, F., 2006. Clays and Clay Minerals as Drugs. In: Bergaya, F., Theng, B.KG., Lagaly, G. (Eds.), “Handbook of Clay Science”, Elsevier, pp. 743–752
Gomes, C., Silva, J., 2007. Minerals and clay minerals in medical geology.Applied Clay Science 36,4-21
Iseras, Cesar & Aguzzi, Carola & Cerezo, P & Galindo, Alberto. (2007). Uses of clay minerals in semisolid health care and therapeutic products. Applied Clay Science. 36. 37-50. 10.1016/j.clay.2006.07.006.
Stojiljkovic, Stanisa & Stojiljković, Milena. (2017). Application of Bentonite Clay for Human Use. 10.2991/978-94-6239-213-7_24.
H. Murray H, Kogel JE. 2005. Engineered clay products for the paper industry. Appl Clay Sci 29(3–4):199–206.
Dunham, A.C. 1989. Clays: all thing to all men. Proceeding of the Industrial Minerals Symposium, hlm. 43-49.
Bundy, W.M. 1993. The diverse industraial applications of kaolin. Dalam Murray, H., Bundy, W.M. & Harvey, C (ed.). Kaolin Genesis & Utilisation. Special Publication 1. p. 43-74. Boulder Colorado: The Clay Mineral Society.
Kakali G, Perraki T, Tsivilis S, Badogiannis E. 2001. Thermal treatment of kaolin: the effect of mineralogy on the pozzolanic activity. Appl Clay Sci 20(1–2):73–80.
Chandrasekhar S, Ramaswamy S. 2002. Influence of mineral impurities on the properties of kaolin and its thermally treated products. Appl Clay Sci 21(3–4):133–42.
Virta RL. Clays. 2010. In: Mineral commodity summaries 2010: US Geological Survey. pp 44–45.
Roskill. 2006. The economics of kaolin. Available from: http://www.roskill.com/reports/industrialminerals/kaolin
Basiran Y, Che Kasim Z, Ooi IE. 2010. Industrial Mineral Production Statistics And Directory Of Producers in Malaysia 2009.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2019 Journal of Modern Manufacturing Systems and Technology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
