Meneroka penggunaan spesifikasi sebagai prosedur terjemahan untuk mengurangkan diskaun budaya
Exploring the use of specification as a translation procedure to mitigate cultural discount
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15282/ijleal.v16i3.13305Keywords:
Diskaun budaya, Filem Malaysia, Pengantarabangsaan filem, Rujukan budaya, Spesifikasi, Terjemahan sari kataAbstract
Filem dapat memperkenalkan budaya sesebuah negara kepada penonton antarabangsa. Akan tetapi, diskaun budaya akan berlaku jika elemen budaya yang dipersembahkan dalam filem sukar difahami akibat kekurangan pengetahuan latar belakang atau batasan bahasa. Kajian lepas menunjukkan penerapan prosedur terjemahan spesifikasi dapat membentuk representasi budaya dan mengurangkan diskaun budaya. Namun begitu, potensinya untuk mengurangkan diskaun budaya dalam filem Malaysia masih belum diteliti, khususnya bagi tujuan pengantarabangsaan filem tempatan. Sehubungan dengan itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti cara spesifikasi digunakan untuk menterjemahkan rujukan khusus budaya Malaysia dengan menganalisis tiga filem bahasa Melayu dan tiga filem bahasa Cina Malaysia. Untuk mencapai tujuan kajian, analisis kandungan kualitatif dijalankan dengan memanfaatkan konsep rujukan budaya sumber oleh Ranzato (2016) untuk mengenal pasti rujukan budaya yang eksklusif dalam konteks Malaysia. Taksonomi prosedur terjemahan Pedersen (2011) dimanfaatkan untuk meneliti prosedur terjemahan rujukan budaya sumber yang digunakan, terutamanya spesifikasi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahawa spesifikasi pelengkapan dan penambahan digunakan dalam penterjemahan rujukan budaya sumber dalam keenam-enam filem tersebut. Spesifikasi pelengkapan digunakan melalui pelengkapan singkatan, gelaran, dan nama rasmi organisasi, serta pelengkapan singkatan yang ungkapan penuhnya diterjemahkan kepada bahasa sasaran. Penggunaan spesifikasi penambahan pula melibatkan penjenisan, penghuraian dan penambahan maksud sebenar rujukan budaya sumber, serta eksplisitasi makna tersirat rujukan budaya sumber. Tuntasnya, kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa penggunaan prosedur terjemahan spesifikasi dalam penterjemahan rujukan budaya sumber boleh mengurangkan diskaun budaya jika maklumat atau penerangan yang disertakan dalam teks sasaran dapat memudahkan pemahaman penonton sasaran.
Films can introduce a country’s culture to international audiences. However, cultural discount may occur when the cultural elements presented in a film are difficult to understand due to a lack of background knowledge or language barriers. Previous studies have shown that the use of specification is able to shape cultural representation and reduce cultural discount. Nevertheless, its potential to reduce cultural discount in Malaysian films has not yet been explored, particularly in the context of the internationalisation of local films. Accordingly, this study aims to examine how specification is used to translate references specific to Malaysian culture by analysing three Malay and three Malaysian Chinese films. To achieve this, a qualitative content analysis was conducted by applying Ranzato’s (2016) concept of source culture reference to identify references exclusive to Malaysian culture. Pedersen’s (2011) taxonomy of translation procedures was utilised to examine translation procedures applied in translating source culture references, with particular focus on specification. The analysis revealed that both completion and addition (specification) were used in the translation of source culture references in all six films. Completion was employed through completing abbreviations, forms of address, and official names of organisations, as well as through completing abbreviations in which their full expressions will be translated to target language. The use of addition involved the categorisation and elaboration of source culture references, the addition of the source culture reference’s actual meaning, and the explicitation of the implied meaning of the source culture reference. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the use of specification as a translation procedure in translating source culture references can reduce cultural discount if the added information or explanation in the target text facilitates the target audience’s understanding.
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