Fiqh al-Waṭan dan Siyasah al-Sulṭāniyyah dalam tadbir urus kesihatan Pahang: Kesinambungan peranan Kesultanan dan institusi Islam dalam pemeliharaan Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah

Fiqh al-Waṭan and Siyasah al-Sulṭāniyyah in Pahang Health Governance: Continuity of the roles of the Sultanate and Islamic Institutions in preserving Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah

Abstract

Kajian ini menganalisis Fiqh al-Waṭan dan Siyasah al-Sulṭāniyyah sebagai kerangka memahami tadbir urus kesihatan Negeri Pahang, khususnya peranan institusi Kesultanan dan institusi Islam dalam konteks Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah. Kajian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui kajian kepustakaan dan analisis dokumen yang dipilih secara bertujuan, merangkumi karya turath, artikel akademik, laporan kesihatan, dokumen kerajaan dan sumber rasmi institusi, manakala sumber media digunakan secara terhad bagi pengesahan fakta. Data dianalisis menggunakan Kaedah Analisis Kerangka (Framework Method) dengan pengekodan tematik terarah berdasarkan empat dimensi: konteks tempatan, struktur institusi, instrumen dan intervensi kesihatan, serta hubungannya dengan Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa Fiqh al-Waṭan membantu memahami keperluan kesihatan berdasarkan realiti geografi, demografi, sosial dan agama Pahang, manakala Siyasah al-Sulṭāniyyah menjelaskan dimensi amanah, maṣlaḥah dan tanggungjawab institusi. Kesultanan, MUIP, yayasan diraja, zakat, wakaf dan institusi kesihatan membentuk suatu ekosistem sokongan yang boleh dinilai melalui ḥifẓ al-nafs, keadilan dan ta‘āwun. Antara manifestasi empirikal yang dianalisis ialah Yayasan Fertiliti Tunku Azizah Pahang (TAFF) dalam sokongan rawatan kesuburan serta Pusat Perubatan Sultan Ahmad Shah Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia (SASMEC IIUM) dalam penginstitusian pengurusan kesihatan berteraskan nilai syariah. Walau bagaimanapun, hubungan tersebut merupakan tafsiran normatif dan tidak semestinya menunjukkan bahawa setiap program secara rasmi dirangka berasaskan maqāṣid. Kajian mencadangkan penyelarasan institusi yang lebih sistematik dan responsif terhadap keperluan masyarakat setempat.

This study analyses Fiqh al-Waṭan and Siyasah al-Sulṭāniyyah as frameworks for understanding health governance in the State of Pahang, particularly the roles of the Sultanate and Islamic institutions within the context of Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah. The study adopts a qualitative approach through a literature review and purposively selected document analysis, encompassing classical Islamic works (turāth), academic articles, health reports, government documents, and official institutional sources, while media sources are used only to a limited extent for factual verification. The data were analysed using the Framework Method with directed thematic coding based on four dimensions: local context, institutional structure, health instruments and interventions, and their relationship with Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah. The findings indicate that Fiqh al-Waṭan facilitates an understanding of health needs in relation to Pahang’s geographical, demographic, social, and religious realities, while Siyasah al-Sulṭāniyyah elucidates the dimensions of trust (amānah), maṣlaḥah, and institutional responsibility. The Sultanate, MUIP, royal foundations, zakat, waqf, and healthcare institutions collectively form a supportive ecosystem that may be evaluated through the principles of ḥifẓ al-nafs, justice, and ta‘āwun. Specific empirical examples examined include the Tunku Azizah Fertility Foundation (TAFF) in supporting fertility treatment and Sultan Ahmad Shah Medical Centre International Islamic University Malaysia (SASMEC IIUM) in institutionalising Shariah-oriented values within healthcare management. However, these relationships represent normative interpretations and do not necessarily indicate that each programme was formally designed on the basis of maqāṣid. The study proposes more systematic institutional coordination that is responsive to the needs of local communities.