A Review on the Modification of Cold‑Mix Asphalt for Pavement Construction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15282/construction.v5i2.12991Keywords:
Cold mix asphalt (CMA), Geopolymer additives, Industrial by product fillers, Fiber and polymer modifiers, Performance testing, Morphological characterizationAbstract
Cold mix asphalt (CMA) reduces energy input and greenhouse gas emissions through production and placement at ambient temperatures. The chief limitations entail high air-void content, long curing time, and initial low strength. This systematic review aggregates recent experimental work related to additives targeting these disadvantages. Geopolymer additives develop hardened structures improving Marshall stability and, when used at optimal asphalt-geopolymer ratio, allow short curing times. Industrial by-product fillers, i.e., paper sludge ash and cement kiln dust, increase stiffness and reduce cure times and offer more environmentally friendly substitutes for conventional fillers. Nanomaterials have been widely studied in hot-mix asphalt and binder contexts; they can modify viscosity and increase rut resistance but at the potential cost of sacrificing low-temperature ductility. Very few studies have directly applied nanoparticles to CMA in peer-reviewed research, and this represents an important gap in research findings. Among CMA studies investigated here, overall CMA performance was generally boosted in terms of resilient modulus, resilient and permanent deformation, and moisture resistance; excessive stiffening could, however, undermine fatigue resistance. The review highlights important research questions related to long-term durability, life-cycle performance, and dosage optimization and highlights priorities for future CMA research.
Downloads
References
[1] J. Fan, H. Liang, Z. Sun, and Z. Chen, “Investigation on strength characteristics and mechanism of cold mix based on geopolymerization reaction,” Frontiers in Built Environment, vol. 9, p. 1301126, 2023.
[2] A. Dulaimi, S. Al-Busaltan, M.A. Kadhim, R. Al-Khafaji, M. Sadique, H. Al Nageim et al. “A sustainable cold‑mix asphalt mixture comprising paper‑sludge ash and cement‑kiln dust,” Sustainability, vol. 14, p. 10253, 2022.
[3] D. Lu, Y. Wang, Z. Leng, and J. Zhong, “Influence of ternary blended cementitious fillers in a cold mix asphalt mixture,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 318, p. 128421, 2021.
[4] Z. Sun, Y. Li, J. Zhang, and S. He, “Preparation and performance evaluation of cold mix asphalt mixture,” Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, vol. 20, pp. 4824–4831, 2020.
[5] Z. Li, T. Guo, Y. Chen, T. Zhang, D. Tang, M. Hao et al., “Study on road performance of polyurethane cold‑recycled mixture,” Polymers, vol. 15, p. 1958, 2023.
[6] A. Dulaimi, S. Al Busaltan, M.A.O. Mydin, D. Lu, Y.O. Özkılıç, R.P. Jaya et al., “Innovative geopolymer‑based cold asphalt emulsion mixture as eco‑friendly material,” Scientific Reports, vol. 13, p. 17380, 2023.
[7] H. Huang, Y. Wang, X. Wu, J. Zhang, and X. Huang, “Nanomaterials for modified asphalt and their effects on viscosity characteristics: A comprehensive review,” Nanomaterials, vol. 14, no. 18, p. 1503, 2024.
[8] Y. Zhang, Z. Chen, X. Zhang, Y. Zhang, X. Zhu, Q. Li et al., “Investigation of the water damage resistance and storability of a SEBS‑modified cold‑patching asphalt mixture,” Polymers, vol. 14, no. 23, p. 5191, 2022.
[9] Y. Bi, R. Li, S. Han, J. Pei, and J. Zhang, “Development and performance evaluation of cold‑patching materials using waterborne epoxy‑emulsified asphalt mixtures,” Materials, vol. 13, no. 5, p. 1224, 2020.
[10] M.G. Asl, O.B. Adekoya, and J.A. Oliyide, “Environmental and economic benefits of cold mix asphalt: A review,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 351, p. 131523, 2022.
[11] A. Dulaimi, H. Al Nageim, F. Ruddock, and L. Seton, “New developments with cold asphalt concrete binder course mixtures containing binary blended cementitious filler (BBCF),” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 134, pp. 414-422, 2016.
[12] Ghabchi, R.; Zaman, M.; Abbas, A. R. “Laboratory evaluation of cold mix asphalt mixtures containing reclaimed asphalt pavement and polymer-modified emulsion,” International Journal of Pavement Engineering, vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 658-667, 2019.
[13] M.I. Khan, N. Ali, and N. Abbas, “Sustainable development of roads using cold mix asphalt: A review,” Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 27, no. 13, pp. 15150-15160, 2020.
[14] J. Liu, J. Zha, and S. Wu, “Effect of additive on microstructure and mechanical properties of cold mix asphalt,” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, vol. 33, no. 4, p. 04021015, 2021.
[15] N.S. Mashaan, A.H. Ali, M.R. Karim, M. Abdelaziz, “A review on using crumb rubber in reinforcement of asphalt pavement,” The Scientific World Journal, vol. 2014, p. 214612, 2014.
[16] E. Mohammadian, M. Aghababaei, and A.T. Papagiannakis, “Photocatalytic pavements: A review of nano-TiO₂ applications in asphalt technology,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 258, no. 6, p. 120675, 2020.
[17] X. Yin, Z. Zhang, and X. Zhou, “Performance evaluation of cold mix asphalt using different asphalt binders,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 298, p. 123890, 2021.
[18] H. Tan, L. Qin, Z. Jiang, Y. Wu, and B. Ran, “A hybrid deep learning based traffic flow prediction method and its understanding,” Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, vol. 90, pp. 166–180, 2018,
[19] J.B. Caccese, T.A. Buckley, R.T. Tierney, K.B. Arbogast, W.C. Rose, J.J. Glutting et al., “Head and neck size and neck strength predict linear and rotational acceleration during purposeful soccer heading,” Sports Biomechanics, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 462–476, 2018.
[20] S.L. James, D. Abate, K.H. Abate, S.M. Abay, C. Abbafati, N. Abbasi et al., “Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017,” Lancet, vol. 392, no. 10159, pp. 1789–1858, 2018.
[21] X. Huang, J. Sun, and J. Sun, “A car-following model considering asymmetric driving behavior based on long short-term memory neural networks,” Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, vol. 95, no. February, pp. 346–362, 2018.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
