Factors Influencing Financial Risk Tolerance: A Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15282/ijim.12.1.2021.6753Keywords:
Financial risk tolerance, Financial decision, InvestmentAbstract
High financial risk tolerance level encourages investors’ participation in financial market. Thus, elevate their capabilities to achieve their financial goals and support national economic growth and well-being. This paper aims to investigate the factors affecting financial risk tolerance from studies around the globe. A comprehensive review of financial risk tolerance is carried out with a particular attention on factors that impact financial risk tolerance on financial decisions. This study indicates that financial risk tolerance can be explained by demographic profiles, psychology, social, geographical differences, and financial capability factors. These findings will be useful to professionals, technologists, and financial institutions to identify potential investors based on the indicators concluded with the suggestion on financial technology (FinTech) utilisation. Hence, encouraging participation in the Malaysian financial market during global health crisis and reaching economic well-being towards industrial revolution 4.0 (IR 4.0).
References
Bandura, A. and Walters, R.H.(1977). Social Learning Theory. New York: General Learning Press.
Bannier, C.E. & Neubert, M. (2016). Gender differences in financial risk taking: The role of financial literacy and risk tolerance. Economics Letters, Volume 145, August, Pages 130-135. DOI: 10.1016/j.econlet.2016.05.033 0165-1765
Beer, F. M. and Wellman, J. D. (2021). Implication of stigmatization on investors financial risk tolerance: The case of gay men. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance,Volume 31, 2021, 100513, ISSN 2214-6350. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbef.2021.100513
Bellucci, D., (2020). Childhood exposure to the Second World War and financial risk taking in adult life. Journal of Economic Psychology, Volume 79, August. DOI: 10.1016/j.joep.2019.102196
Chin, P.N. (2021). What Drives Excess Trading during the COVID-19 Pandemic? Asian Journal of Business and Accounting, Vol. 14, No.1, June. DOI: 10.22452/ajba.vol14no1.5
Daniel, C.J.Y., Wahid, N.A. and Tan, C.L. (2020). WHY SMART LEADERS ARE IMPORTANT IN SMART CITY DEVELOPMENT – A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT (IJIM), VOL.5, ISSUE1,1 –9. DOI:https://doi.org/10.15282/ijim.5.0.2020.5617
Dickason-Koekemoer, Z., Myeza, N.S. & Ferreira, S.J. (2020). The influence of subjective financial well-being on South African risk tolerance. Ife Centre for Psychological Studies/Services, Gender & Behaviour, Vol. 18 No. 2, June.
Link: https://www.ajol.info/index.php/gab/article/view/198158
Dohmen, T., Armin, F., David, H. & Uwe, S. (2018). On the Relationship between Cognitive Ability and Risk Preference. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 32 (2): 115-34. DOI: 10.1257/jep.32.2.115
Ebrahimi, S.O.M.H. & Sabunchi, A. (2020). The Demographical Factors Role in Explanation of Retail Investors’ Financial Risk-Tolerance and Their Risk-Taking Behavior. Investment Knowledge, 8(32 ), 217-234.
Link: https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=811290
Fan, Y., Orhun, A.Y., & Turjeman, D. (2020). Heterogeneous Actions, Beliefs, Constraints and Risk Tolerance During the COVID-19 Pandemic. National Bureau of Economic Research, May. DOI: 10.3386/w27211
Ferdinand, M.V., Abebe, B., Randall, B., Sahan, D., Zenebe, G., Peter, M. & Alemu, M. (2018). Measuring Risk Preferences in Rural Ethiopia. The University of Chicago Press Journals, Economic Development and Cultural Change, Volume 66, Number 3.
Link: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/21135
Ferreira, S.J & Dickason, Z. (2018). The effect of gender and ethnicity on financial risk tolerance in South African. African Journals, Gender and Behaviour Vol. 16, No. 1. DOI: doi:10.21511/imfi.15(2).2018.09
Fisher, P.J & Yao, R. (2017). Gender differences in financial risk tolerance. Journal of Economic Psychology, Volume 61, August, Pages 191-202. DOI: 10.1016/j.joep.2017.03.006
Hendrawaty, E., Nisrul, I. & Sadalia, I. (2020). Financial literacy, demographic differences and financial risk tolerance level: A case study. Journal of Security and Sustainability, Issues 9 (M). pp. 187-201. DOI: 10.9770/jssi.2020.9.M(15)
Hong, C.Y., Lu, X. & Pan, J. (2020). FinTech Adoption and Household Risk-Taking. National Bureau of Economic Research, November. DOI: 10.3386/w28063
Hurley, D. & Choudhary, A. (2020). Role of gender and corporate risk taking. Corporate Governance, Vol. 20 No. 3, pp. 383-399. DOI: 10.1108/CG-10-2018-0313
Imran, A. & Yusnidah, I. (2019). UNCERTAINTY AVOIDANCE, RISK AVOIDANCE AND PERCEIVED RISK: A CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE OF INDIVIDUAL INVESTORS. Hasanuddin Economics and Business Review, Vol 3, No.1. DOI: 10.26487/hebr.v3i1.1836
Irandoust, M. (2017). Factors Associated With Financial Risk Tolerance Based on Proportional Odds Model: Evidence From Sweden. Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning, Volume 28, Issue 1. DOI: 10.1891/1052-3073.28.1.155
Khan, S. N. (2017). Financial Risk Tolerance: An Analysis of Investor’s Cognitive, Decision-Making Styles and Cultural Effects. Journal of Finance, Accounting and Management, 8(1), 20-38, January.
Mankuroane, T.E. (2021). Analysing the factors that influence investment intentions in South Africa. North West University (Master Dissertation)
Link: https://repository.nwu.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10394/37041/Mankuroane%20TE%2022485546.pdf?sequence=1
Memarista, G. & Puspita, A. M. A. (2021). Young Investors’ Instagram Usage Behavior and Investment Risk Appetite. Management Research and Behaviour Journal, Vol.1, No.1. DOI : 10.29103/mrbj.v1i1.3784
Mohan, R. & Singh, S. (2017). An Empirical Study on Financial Risk Tolerance of Investors in India. IUP Journal of Financial Risk Management, Sept, Vol. 14 Issue 3, p40-58. 19p. Link: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3218113
Mokoena, K., Dickason-Koekemoer, Z. & Ferreira-Schenk, S. | Read, R. (Reviewing editor:) (2021) Analysing the risk tolerance levels of stokvel investors. Cogent Social Sciences, 7:1. DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2021.1943890
Muktadir-Al-Mukit, D. (2020). Do sociodemographic factors have influence on risk tolerance level of stock market investors? An analysis from a developing country perspective. South Asian Journal of Business Studies, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of print. DOI: 10.1108/SAJBS-11-2019-0193
Naqvi, M. H. A., Jiang, Y., Miao, M. and Naqvi, M. H. | McMillan, D. (Reviewing editor). (2020). Linking biopsychosocial indicators with financial risk tolerance and satisfaction through macroeconomic literacy: A structural equation modeling approach. Cogent Economics & Finance, 8:1. DOI: 10.1080/23322039.2020.1730079
New Straits Times (2021). Investors should maintain a well-diversified portfolio, says UOB Malaysia. 29 January.
Białek, M. (2021). Women oppose sin stocks more than men do. Finance Research Letters, Volume 41. DOI:10.1016/j.frl.2020.101803
Ooi, S.G. and Chu, E.Y. (2020). CAPITAL STRUCTURE AND CULTURE IN MALAYSIA: A STUDY FROM ETHNICITY AND RELIGION PERSPECTIVES. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT (IJIM), VOL. 8, ISSUE 1, 52 – 61. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15282/ijim.8.0.2020.5763
Pinjisakikool, T. (2018). The Influence of Personality Traits on Households’ Financial Risk Tolerance and Financial Behavior. Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics, Volume: 30 issue: 1, page(s): 32-54. DOI: 10.1177/0260107917731034
Queen, C. L & Hassan, H. H. (2019). The Factors Affecting Malaysian Investment Risk Tolerance for Retirement Plans. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE), Volume-7 Issue-5S, January.
Link: https://www.ijrte.org/wp-content/uploads/papers/v7i5s/ES2145017519.pdf
Rabbani, A. G., Yao, Z., Wang, C. and Grable, J. E. (2020). Financial Risk Tolerance, Sensation Seeking, and Locus of Control Among Pre-Retiree Baby Boomers. Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning, 32(1):JFCP-18-00072. DOI: 10.1891/JFCP-18-00072
Rajeshkumar, V., and Kasilingam, R. (2017). Does investors’ demographics and selected profile factors influence financial risk tolerance? International Journal of Finance, Insurance and Risk Management, 7(1), 1287-1296.
Link: file:///C:/Users/NETBOOK/Downloads/Does%20Investors%E2%80%99%20Demographics%20and%20Selected%20Profile%20Factors%20Influence%20Financial%20Risk%20Tolerance_.pdf
Razak, D.A. and Amin, H. (2020). THE EFFECTS OF FINANCIAL KNOWLEDGE, SOCIALISATION, ATTITUDE AND SKILL ON MALAYSIAN SMES’ PERFORMANCE. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT (IJIM), VOL. 8, ISSUE 1, 1 – 11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15282/ijim.8.0.2020.5758
Rolison, J.J. & , J. (2020). How much risk can you stomach? Individual differences in the tolerance of perceived risk across gender and risk domain. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, Volume33, Issue1, Pages 63-85. DOI: 10.1002/bdm.2144
Samanez-Larkin, G. R., Mottola, G., Heflin, D., Yu, L., & Boyle, P. (2020). Overconfidence in financial knowledge associated with financial risk tolerance in older adults. Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham. DOI: 10.31234/osf.io/p5gec
Saputra, J. (2020). Some Forms of Investor Risk Tolerance in Investing: Review Theory International Journal of Research in Community Services, Vol 1, No 3. DOI: 10.46336/ijrcs.v1i3.105
Shah,N. H., Khalid, W., Khan, S., Arif, M. and Khan, M. A. (2020). An Empirical Analysis of Financial Risk Tolerance and Demographic Factors of Business Graduates in Pakistan. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 2020, 10(4), 220-234. DOI: 10.32479/ijefi.9365
Undale, S., Kulkarni, A. & Patil, H. (2021). Perceived eWallet security: impact of COVID-19 pandemic. Vilakshan - XIMB Journal of Management, Vol. 18 No. 1, pp. 89-104. DOI: 10.1108/XJM-07-2020-0022
Wong, C.T., Tan, C.L. and Mahmud, I. (2020). BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM ADOPTION: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW OF TWO DECADES. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT (IJIM), VOL.6, ISSUE1,1 –8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15282/ijim.6.0.2020.5624
Yakubu, I.N. (2021). The Effect of Working Capital Management on Dividend Policy: An Empirical Analysis of Listed Firms in Ghana. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT (IJIM), VOL. 9, ISSUE 1, 25 – 31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15282/ijim.9.0.2021.5952
Zeeshan, A., Sattar, A., Babar, S., Iqbal, T. and Basit, A. (2021). Impact of Demographic Factors on Investment Risk Tolerance. IJBEA, Vol.6, No.2 DOI: 10.24088/IJBEA-2021-62004
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Mubarokah Bunyamin, Norwazli Abdul Wahab

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.