Effects of Soda-Lime-Silica Glass and Borax Decahydrate as Alternative Fluxing Agents on the Stoneware Physico-Mechanical Properties

Abstract

Stoneware especially tableware is manufactured by mixing the clay, quartz and flux such as feldspar. Thus, the aim of this work is to investigate the possibility of two alternative fluxing agents namely; soda-lime-silica glass (SLS), and borax decahydrate (BD) on characterization, and physico-mechanical properties of stoneware to demonstrate its suitability for tableware production. SLS and BD are incorporated into stoneware at the dosage of 5 %, and 10 % by weight, respectively. The sample was performed by uniaxial pressing (40 MPa) sintered at 1000, 1050, 1100, and 1150°C (2 hours soaking time) to establish minimum sintering temperature. Bulk density, water absorption, and modulus of rupture (MOR) were measured for each sample. Characterization of XRF, XRD, and SEM was carried out and discussed. Results indicated SLS, BD showed higher physico-mechanical properties and vitrified at 1050-1100°C, lower than normal temperature applied for stoneware (1150°C). Consequently, it was determined that the usage of SLS and BD as fluxing agent in stoneware is possible.