GUIDELINE FOR REVIEWER

A Reviewer's Obligation

Reviewing needs both time and a specialised skill set. Before accepting a peer review submission, you should wish to learn more about the peer-review process and how to perform a review.

Reviewers assess paper submissions to journals in accordance with the journal's standards, predefined parameters, and the content, completeness, and consistency of the study presented. They provide input on the document, make suggestions for improvement, and advise the editor on whether to approve, refuse, or request changes to the post. Although the final decision is often made by the journal's publisher, reviewers have a major impact on the result.

Reviewers

• Contribute to the research process's high criteria by participating in the peer-review framework.
• Uphold the journal's reputation by detecting erroneous research and assisting in the journal's quality maintenance.
• Demonstrate a sense of commitment to their culture and field of study.
• Establish relationships with respected peers and their associated publications, thus increasing their chances of being appointed to an Editorial Board.
• Due to their experience with the subject field, they can assist in preventing ethical violations by detecting plagiarism, academic fraud, and other issues.
• Reciprocate professional courtesy, as writers and reviewers are often interchangeable positions – as a reviewer, researchers "pay forward" the same courtesy they earn as authors.

Peer evaluation and ethical considerations

Peer reviews play a critical role in maintaining the scholarly record's credibility. The peer-review process is largely dependent on the confidence and voluntary involvement of the scholarly community and demands that all parties involved act professionally and ethically. Peer reviewers are an integral and important part of the peer review process, but they may enter the position unprepared and unaware of their ethical responsibilities.

Journals should have open peer review policies, and reviewers should perform reviews ethically and responsibly. Clear contact between the journal and reviewers is critical to ensuring that reviews are consistent, honest, and timely.

The Process of Peer Review

After you apply your article to a journal, it will be evaluated by independent experts in the field. These reviewers, who are occasionally referred to as referees,' are tasked with evaluating the validity, relevance, and originality of your work, ensuring that each article you publish is as good as it can be.

Peer examination conducted in a single-blind fashion

Our journal employs a single-blind review procedure in which the reviewers are aware that you are the author of the paper. Additionally, you have no idea who the reviewers are. The humanities and social sciences are especially receptive to single-blind study.

Many researchers favour single-blind review because they feel it provides a more objective assessment of their paper.

Even if you have anonymized your paper, reviewers can be able to deduce your identity, particularly if you work in a highly specialised sector. They may have heard you present similar ideas at a conference or recognise your writing style, for example.

Conducting an audit

The initial stages: Thoroughly read the manuscript, supplementary data files, and ancillary material (e.g., reviewer instructions, required ethics and policy statements), contacting the journal if something is unclear or lacking.

Confidence: Respect the peer-review process's confidentiality and abstain from using information obtained during the peer review process for your or another's benefit, or to disadvantage or discredit others. Without first seeking permission from the journal, do not include someone else in editing a manuscript (including early career researchers you are mentoring). Individuals who assisted with the review should be included so they can be associated with the manuscript in the journal's records and receive appropriate recognition for their efforts.

Bias and conflicting interests: It is critical to maintaining an unbiased position when considering the authors' nationality, religious or political beliefs, gender or other characteristics, the manuscript's origins, or commercial considerations. If you become aware of a conflicting interest that may preclude you from providing an objective and fair review, notify the journal and seek guidance. While you await a response, refrain from looking at the manuscript and any accompanying materials in case the request for review is rescinded. Similarly, notify the journal immediately if you discover that you lack the necessary expertise to assess the relevant aspects, so as not to delay the review process unnecessarily.

Suspicion of ethical violations: Notify the journal if you become aware of any irregularities regarding research and publication ethics. For instance, you may have concerns about possible misconduct during the research process or during the writing and submission of the manuscript, or you may notice a significant similarity between the manuscript and another submission to another journal or a published article. If you have any concerns about these or any other ethical issues, please contact the editor directly rather than attempting to investigate on your own. It is acceptable to cooperate with the journal in confidence, but not to conduct additional research unless the journal requests additional information or advice.

Blind reviewing is a thankless task, but critical to an academic journal's standing and quality.

1. Theoretical/Conceptual Soundness: The article should include references to prior research or theories. The theory, if any, that underpins the research should be rigorously applied and justified. It should accurately interpret and synthesise pertinent prior study. Finally, are any theories arising from the hypothesis under investigation explicitly stated and tested?
2. Methodological Soundness: Scientific research, whether qualitative or quantitative, should follow a systematic and consistent methodology. The article should provide a concise description of the study's context, goals, topics, methodology (methods should be current; otherwise, the study's relevance/appropriacy should be questioned), data analysis, and conclusions.

The reviewer should make correct and positive comments on the author's interpretation of the data, acknowledging its limitations. Are the data obtained and analysed using the required analytical methods, and are the findings correctly interpreted? Are the assumptions and/or implications drawn from the study findings accurately?

3. Contribution: Does the article contribute to the advancement of knowledge within or about the discipline? Is the research important in terms of its conclusions and implications? Is the paper of interest to a large number of people in the field or to a subset of them (e.g., researchers, practitioners, public officials, and consumers)?

Additionally, the article should address the project's consequences and/or report on any findings or products that may be applicable to future research, development, or practice.

4. Communication: The article's linguistic precision, consistency, and coherence should be sufficient. Is the article well-written, with key points that are easily understood? Is the article organised logically? Presentation/tabulation of data: Any tables/figures that are meaningless should be reviewed. The reviewer should comment on the manuscript's significant strengths and limitations as written correspondence, regardless of the study's nature, methodology, findings, or interpretation.

The reviewer's comments to the author should be positive, competent, and detailed enough to assist the author in revising the article for publication or resubmission to the journal. If reviewers have reason to believe there has been wrongdoing, they should contact the Chief Executive Editor in confidence. They can not communicate their questions to third parties unless the journal specifically authorises them to do so. The reviewer's suggestions to the author should be constructive, knowledgeable, and comprehensive enough to aid the author in revising the article for publication or resubmission to the journal. If reviewers have reason to suspect there has been misconduct, they should feel confident in contacting the Managing Editor. They should not disclose their inquiries to third parties unless expressly approved to do so by the publication.