Advancements in Solar-Driven Seawater Electrolysis for Green Hydrogen Production: Innovations, Challenges, and Future Prospects
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15282/Keywords:
Solar seawater electrolysis, Photoelectrochemical splitting Hydrogen evolution (HER), Chlorine evolution suppression (CER), Renewable Hydrogen ProductionAbstract
Solar-driven seawater electrolysis has become one of the attractive options for sustainable hydrogen production by utilizing plentiful seawater with the energy of natural solar. However, using seawater itself poses complicated electrochemical issues such as chloride-induced corrosion, competition for chlorine evolution reactions, catalyst instability, and low energy efficiency in actual marine environment. This review highlights significant advances in solar-based seawater electrolysis technologies such as photovoltaic-driven electrolysis and photoelectrochemical technologies, photocatalytic processing methods, vapor-phase water splitting systems and several others. Specific focus is placed on the reaction mechanisms targeted at seawater types, relevant performance indices, and material design strategies with a view to increasing reaction selectivity and operational persistence. The merits and shortcomings of various system designs are compared to emphasizing the achievements and challenges. Finally, future studies for the stability of catalyst, integration of systems, and realistic testing scenarios are discussed to facilitate development of scalable and environmentally friendly hydrogen production from seawater.
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