Enhancing Sustainability in Sunflower Supply Chain: A Life Cycle Assessment Approach
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15282/Keywords:
eco-efficiency, greenhouse gas emissions, life cycle assessment, sunflower industry, sustainable supply chainAbstract
The sunflower industry in Indonesia holds significant potential, but its production process generates substantial environmental impacts, particularly greenhouse gas emissions from transportation and production stages. This study evaluates the industry’s environmental footprint using life cycle assessment and determines its eco-efficiency within a sustainable supply chain. Applying a gate-to-gate boundary, emissions, energy consumption, and waste generation were analysed, revealing that sunflower oil production emits 1249151.71 kg CO₂-eq per month, with transportation contributing the most (429009.98 kg CO₂-eq). Despite these environmental challenges, the industry remains economically viable, with an eco-efficiency index of 11.23% and an eco-efficiency ratio of 1.141%, indicating strong economic sustainability relative to environmental impact. Limitations include the reliance on secondary data and the exclusion of post-production phases, suggesting further research should explore alternative energy sources, waste management innovations, and transport optimization to enhance sustainability. These findings provide a basis for strategic improvements, supporting a more environmentally responsible industry.
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