Effect of wear mechanism using dry and cryogenic cutting conditions on Inconel 718 using milling CNC
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15282/ijame.23.3.2026.11.1047Keywords:
CNC mill, Dry Cutting, Cryogenic condition, Tool wear, Wear mechanismAbstract
Dry and cryogenic machining are green machining methods that offer environmental sustainability. Dry machining eliminates any use of cutting fluids, while cryogenic machining uses very low machining temperatures. The current implementation method (cutting fluid assistance) exposes machine operators to health risks and negatively impacts the environment through waste disposal. Therefore, to overcome this problem, sustainable alternatives such as dry and cryogenic machining are required. However, both methods pose significant challenges due to increased wear and heat generation (overheating and overcooling). This study aimed to evaluate and differentiate the machining performance of dry and cryogenic methods while observing the tool wear mechanism. The methodology used was through: cutting speed (80 m/min), depth of cut (0.5 mm), feed rate (0.05 mm/tooth), and various radial depths of cut (5, 7.5, 10, and 20 mm). At the same time, the wear mechanism was observed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The study demonstrated that cryogenic machining significantly outperformed dry machining, consistently delivering 50% to 100% longer cutting lengths under aggressive cutting conditions and achieving a maximum tool-life extension of 42% at a radial depth of 5 mm. In contrast, dry conditions led to severe thermochemical wear mechanisms, including diffusion, oxidation, and adhesive wear, whereas cryogenic conditions primarily exhibited chipping and catastrophic failure modes. Based on studies, cryogenic machining is better than dry machining because it can significantly extend cutting tool life and reduce severe tool wear.
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