Comparison of total phenolic and flavonoids contents in Malaysian propolis extract with two different extraction solvents

Abstract

This study is aimed to prepare propolis extracts by using two different solvents which are ethanol and water via maceration method and to evaluate the total phenolic and flavonoid components of the extract. Optimization of the extraction process was done by using different solvents and sample-to-solvent ratio. The ethanolic and water extracts were analysed for the determination of Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) by using Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method and Aluminimum chloride method, respectively. Based on sample-to-solvent ratio, it showed that 1:10 gave the highest percentage yield compared to other ratio for both solvents. Ethanolic extract resulted contains high phenolic and flavonoids content compared to water extract. The result showed that sample-to-solvent ratio 1:5 gave highest TPC and TFC in ethanolic extract which are 29.09 and 7.75 mg GAE/g, respectively. In conclusion, this study revealed that ethanol is the best extraction solvent to be used for propolis extraction compared to water. It is also demonstrated that higher volume of solvent does not leads to high values of TPC and TFC. The optimum extraction parameters and conditions are necessary to be obtained in order to extract high TPC and TFC.