A 14 V battery-supercapacitor hybrid power supply for vehicle low-voltage systems: Reducing battery stress and enhancing dynamic response
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15282/ijame.23.1.2026.7.1005Keywords:
Battery-supercapacitor, 14 V hybrid power supply, Boost characteristicsAbstract
In response to the inherent limitations of single-battery low-voltage supply and the escalating demand for electrical equipment power in vehicles, the feasibility of replacing single-battery with battery/supercapacitor (SC) hybrid power supply (HPS) has been proposed and verified. This HPS directly connects a lithium-ion battery in parallel with the SC and combines a bidirectional DC-DC power converter to boost the voltage to the required level. It can drive the vehicle at low speeds and power electrical equipment. A MATLAB/Simulink model is constructed and simulated using the Federal Test Procedure-75 driving cycles. In addition, experiments are conducted to verify the HPS's boost characteristics. Furthermore, a case study is conducted to compare the proposed HPS with 14 V and 48 V single-battery systems under the China Light-duty Vehicle Test Cycle-Passenger Car operating condition. The results indicate that during frequent load fluctuations, the SC quickly responds to dynamic power and high-power demands, thereby significantly reducing battery stress. The proposed HPS demonstrates key advantages by enhancing dynamic response capability, reducing battery stress to extend lifespan, and improving energy efficiency. This study provides a new solution for the practical application of low-voltage power supply in vehicles.
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