International Journal of Industrial Management
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description: International Journal of Industrial Management (IJIM) with ISSN: 2289-9286 (Print); 2590-3594 (Online) is a peer-reviewed international journal published four times a year (quarterly - March, June, September& December), valuable to those interested in the issues relevant to the technology, business, industrial engineering and management fields. It is a multi-disciplinary effort involving professionals, practitioners and scientists. It will specifically provide a unifying basis bringing together scholars, practitioners and government, among others. IJIM uses double-blind review and indexed by Directory of Open Access Journal (DOAJ), Malaysian Citation Index (MyCite), Google Scholar, MyJurnal, and CrossRef.
publisher: UMPSA Press
language: en
publication name: International Journal of Industrial Management
issn: 2289-9286
items: Industrial Management of Wastewater in Textile Industry: A Brief Review
items: Risk Analysis Using the House of Risk Method on Inbound Activities in the Raw Material Warehouse of a Cup Noodle Manufacturing Plant, Semarang, Indonesia
items: The Limits of Small-Scale Landlords: Binding Constraints to Residential Real Estate Investment Expansion
items: The Impact of Green Supply Chain Management Practices on Sustainable Development Goals: A Case of PT PJP in the Energy Sector
items: Evaluation of Material Handling Workers Using Snook’s Table: A Case Study
items: Improving Audit Quality with Risk-Based Approach and Quality of Independent Audit Using the Structure Equation Modeling Evidence West Sumatra
items: Prioritising green HRM practices: A pre-test application of Fuzzy TOPSIS
items: Mitigating risk in digital marketplace: A case of online consumer in East Coast Malaysia
items: Towards sustainable integration of healing garden at healthcare facilities
items: Are customers satisfied with Shopee Express delivery service? A survey in Malaysia
items: Is intrinsic motivation a consequential factor in the causal relations between innovative work behavior and task performance among marketing professionals?
items: Probabilistic Classification of PN17 Companies Based on Financial Indicators: A Logit Model Approach
items: Mobile Application and Customer Effort: A Multigroup Analysis Among Energy Customers in Malaysia
items: Investigating the organisational safety culture factors in the oil and gas industry: A systematic review
items: THE ROLE OF SMART ORGANISATIONS IN ORGANISATIONAL AMBIDEXTERITY: A STUDY OF EDUCATIONAL SUPERVISORS’ PERSPECTIVES AT DUHOK GOVERNORATE
items: OPTIMISING LOGISTICS COSTING IN MALAYSIAN SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES: A CASE STUDY OF GARMENT MANUFACTURER
items: MITIGATING MACHINERY'S ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT IN PALM OIL PLANTATIONS FOR ENHANCED BUSINESS PERFORMANCE
items: A review of the reward system and reward management at Nkangala District Municipality
items: Enhancing parking and traffic efficiency through discrete event simulation: A case study at Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah
items: A discrete event simulation approach to improve the efficiency of university parcel centre services in Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah
items: A Discrete Event Simulation Approach for Efficient Student Enrolment Processes at Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah
items: Application of Discrete Event Simulation for Enhancing Queuing System at Lotus Alor Setar
items: A risk-based cost estimation model for optimizing construction projects in Palestine
items: A preliminary study of scheduled waste management practices in Malaysia
items: Enhancing the monitoring and evaluation of road construction projects using expert opinion: A case of Uganda national roads authority
items: IMPROVING THE QUALITY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF PALM OIL THROUGH MECHANISATION IN PALM OIL COMPANIES
items: FAVOURITISM IN THE WORKPLACE: A REVIEW OF ITS CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES, AND MITIGATION STRATEGIES
items: BUSINESS ANALYTICS IMPLEMENTATION: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
items: INFLUENCE OF TECHNICAL CHALLENGES ON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT CONTRACTING
items: HOW CONTROLLING SHAREHOLDERS PLAY THEIR DECISIVE ROLES IN CORPORATE SOCIAL INVESTMENTS: A CASE STUDY OF PAKISTAN

Industrial Management of Wastewater in Textile Industry: A Brief Review
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description: The Malaysian textile industry is experiencing rapid development as a result of increased local demand, a robust export market, government backing, e-commerce expansion, and the expanding impact of social media. However, the industry also produces a significant amount of harmful wastewater, thus raising wastewater management as an environmental concern. The purpose of this review paper was to explore the industrial management of textile wastewater, including wastewater characteristics, treatment options, and sustainability initiatives. It analysed the present state of water sources in Malaysia, specifically focusing on the impact of wastewater from the textile industry. This was followed by a discussion of the trends in Malaysia's textile industry, the issues concerning the wastewater generated by this sector, and the use of industrial engineering and management in wastewater treatment. This concise review provides valuable information regarding future studies in wastewater treatment, with a specific focus on textile wastewater. Effective water resource management is crucial for ensuring sustainable industrial growth. Industrial management is an ongoing process that entails overseeing and coordinating all aspects of an organisation's production and operations.
subject: Review Article
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creator: Emyra Ezzaty Masiren
creator: Huei Ruey Ong
creator: Md Maksudur Rahmad Khan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-12-05
publication date: 2025-12-05
starting page: 221
ending page: 225
doi: 10.15282/ijim.19.4.2025.13596

Risk Analysis Using the House of Risk Method on Inbound Activities in the Raw Material Warehouse of a Cup Noodle Manufacturing Plant, Semarang, Indonesia
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description: The cup noodle manufacturing plant in Semarang, Indonesia, renowned for its "Cup Noodle" brand, faces significant challenges in its inbound logistics process, including inconsistencies in delivered quantities, delays in arrivals, and work-related accidents. This study addresses these issues through the application of the House of Risk (HOR) methodology to systematically identify, analyse, and prioritise risks associated with the inbound logistics of raw materials. Employing a qualitative research approach, the study integrates semi-structured interviews with key personnel from the raw material and beads warehouse departments, non-participatory observations of the inbound process, and the analysis of relevant documentation, such as annual reports, monthly logs, and operational photographs. The HOR methodology was implemented in two phases: Phase 1 focused on the identification and ranking of risk events and risk agents, while Phase 2 concentrated on the formulation and evaluation of mitigation strategies based on their Effectiveness to Difficulty Ratio (ETDk). The research identified several critical risk agents and recommended three principal mitigation strategies: enhancing communication procedures, establishing pertinent Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), and adopting an integrated Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system. These strategies are expected to mitigate logistical discrepancies and delays, thereby improving inventory accuracy and reducing operational disruptions. The findings provide actionable recommendations aimed at enhancing the efficiency and reliability of inbound logistics, ultimately contributing to overall operational improvements and reduced disruptions at the manufacturing plant.
subject: Research Article
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creator: Mega Eulina Natalia Br Tarigan
creator: Stacia Reviany Mege
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-12-05
publication date: 2025-12-05
starting page: 210
ending page: 220
doi: 10.15282/ijim.19.4.2025.13591

The Limits of Small-Scale Landlords: Binding Constraints to Residential Real Estate Investment Expansion
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description: Small-scale landlords in the private rented sector make a critical contribution to the supply of affordable residential accommodation to prospective tenants. However, they face several constraints, resulting in the shortage supply of affordable residential dwellings aggravated by the growing demand in the rental market. This phenomenological qualitative study explores the limiting constraints to residential real estate investment expansion of small-scale landlords operating in the Downtown area of Davao City. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with five small-scale landlords and the qualitative data was analyzed using the Delphi technique. Six main themes emerged: (a) being business-minded with the opportunities; (b) making dwelling units available; (c) allocating income to expenditures; (d) investment decisions and financial challenges; (e) other regulatory and marketing limitations; and (f) long-term investment. The findings revealed that the most prevalent type of landlords in the area is subsistence landlords. Furthermore, the most important factor is financial constraints, whereas the least important factor is building regulations. This study is useful to alleviate the perceived constraints of small-scale landlords toward investment expansion and, therefore, produce more residential properties that will significantly contribute to the supply of affordable rental accommodation.
subject: Research Article
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creator: Reil S. Romero
creator: Dona Mae M. Alcantara
creator: Edjelei R. Rodilla
creator: Charlene Lydia P. Tarpin
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 162
ending page: 172
doi: 10.15282/ijim.19.3.2025.13226

The Impact of Green Supply Chain Management Practices on Sustainable Development Goals: A Case of PT PJP in the Energy Sector
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description: The swift advancement of technology and urban growth has led to a substantial increase in the global demand for electricity, including in Indonesia, thereby exacerbating environmental concerns due to emissions from power plants. The current research thoroughly investigates the impact of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) strategies on achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) at PT PJP, a subsidiary of Freeport-McMoRan in Papua, Indonesia. Quantitative approaches and SEM-PLS analysis were conducted on a dataset comprising 125 employees of PT PJP. The results show that all GSCM practices, except for green purchasing and customer cooperation, have a positive and significant effect on environmental practices. Additionally, every GSCM strategy, aside from internal environmental initiatives, positively impacts community practices. Findings from the IPMA underscore eco-design as areas of high performance, highlighting the necessity for PT PJP to prioritize customer cooperation, green purchasing, and investment recovery to ensure sustainable operations. This research offers valuable insights to enhance both academic and managerial strategies concerning GSCM and SDGs.
subject: Research Article
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creator: Ni Putu Widya Nirmala Dewi
creator: Ratih Hendayani
creator: Muhammad Shabir Shaharudin
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 155
ending page: 164
doi: 10.15282/ijim.19.3.2025.13224

Evaluation of Material Handling Workers Using Snook’s Table: A Case Study
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description: Material handling presents numerous occupational hazards for workers, with the efficient transfer of heavy items being essential for operational efficiency. Precise execution of tasks according to industry standards is paramount to maintaining product quality and minimizing defects. However, workers' adoption of awkward postures can adversely affect their health and hinder their ability to meet company targets. Originally focused on determining safe lifting limits, Snook's Table has evolved into a comprehensive tool for assessing ergonomic risks associated with various manual tasks. Its adaptation to changing workplace dynamics underscores its importance in promoting workers’ health and safety. In this study, Snook’s Table was employed to evaluate workers’ posture, distinguishing between healthy and awkward stances. A risk index was provided, where scores exceeding 1.0 indicated high-risk conditions. Eight workers were assessed across pulling, pushing, lifting, and carrying activities. The results revealed that 5 workers exceeded the 1.0 risk index in pushing activities, while none surpassed it in pulling tasks. However, 6 workers scored more than 1.0 in lifting and carrying activities, indicating potential risks associated with these tasks. To mitigate such risks, aided tools like trolleys can improve the Snook’s Table index and prevent awkward postures. Additionally, the 3D Static Strength Prediction Program (3DSSPP) evaluates postural balance to enhance worker safety. Improving postures and utilizing aided tools not only reduces the risk of worker injuries but also enhances work effectiveness. By addressing ergonomic concerns and implementing preventive measures, companies can create safer work environments while optimizing productivity.
subject: Research Article
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creator: Nor Suhada Abdullah
creator: Koay Mei Hyie
creator: Normariah Che Maideen
creator: Nor Azirah Mohd Fohimi
creator: Hamid Yusoff
creator: Muhammad Abid Romi Sazali
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 147
ending page: 154
doi: 10.15282/ijim.19.3.2025.13223

Improving Audit Quality with Risk-Based Approach and Quality of Independent Audit Using the Structure Equation Modeling Evidence West Sumatra
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description: This research assesses the enhancement of audit quality through the application of a risk-based approach (RBA), taking into account the factors influencing the adoption of RBA and the quality of independent audit in West Sumatra. The quantitative research design was employed by utilizing a descriptive survey approach. The research sample was determined via purposive sampling, whereby 42 auditors completed the survey questionnaire. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed to analyze the data. The results revealed a negative relationship between auditor job pressure, the audit company's competitive capability, audit expenses, client risk, and the implementation of RBA with independent audit quality. A positive relationship exists between auditor capacity and independent audit quality, without influencing RBA. Meanwhile, information technology support for RBA exhibits a negative relationship with independent audit quality. Such results agree with previous findings, particularly concerning audit costs, the role of information technology in audits, and client risk. This research offers recommendations for a comprehensive understanding of the implementation of RBA and the quality of internal controls a means to enhance audit quality.
subject: Research Article
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creator: Elvirha Dwi Kartika
creator: Asniati Bahari
creator: Elvira Luthan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 129
ending page: 146
doi: 10.15282/ijim.19.3.2025.13222

Prioritising green HRM practices: A pre-test application of Fuzzy TOPSIS
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description: Green Human Resource Management (Green HRM) has been acknowledged as a strategic approach to encouraging green sustainability within organisations. However, there is a lack of structured practices for ranking the most impactful Green HRM practices, especially among Malaysian manufacturing industries. This study addresses the research gap by evaluating the relative importance of Green HRM practices using the Fuzzy Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). It aims to identify whether Fuzzy TOPSIS can serve as a prominent decision-making tool for determining the most effective Green HRM practices in organisations. A pre-test was conducted with two decision-makers comprising Human Resource (HR) managers from the manufacturing industries. The questionnaire was developed based on prior studies and the variables encompassed four Green HRM practices: green recruitment, green training, green rewards, and green employee involvement. Fuzzy logic was incorporated to handle the uncertainty in expert judgment. The findings revealed that green rewards ranked first, followed by green employee involvement, green recruitment, and green training. This suggests that reward-based and involvement strategies are the most influential factors in driving sustainable HR outcomes within organisations. This study contributes to the limited research on decision-making tools in Green HRM and provides a practical foundation for future large-scale evaluations by using Fuzzy TOPSIS.
subject: Research Article
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creator: Nur Halimah Zaihan
creator: Suhaidah Hussain
creator: Zetty Ain Kamaruzzaman
creator: Galuh Tresna Murti
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 109
ending page: 118
doi: 10.15282/ijim.20.2.2026.12582

Mitigating risk in digital marketplace: A case of online consumer in East Coast Malaysia
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description: The digital marketplace has revolutionised the global marketing landscape, enabling businesses and retailers to expand their reach and engage in transactions with a wider audience. While these platforms offer convenience, variety, and accessibility, they also present certain risks that may influence consumer decision-making. Guided by the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), this study examines how perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness interact with perceived risks—specifically product, financial, delivery, time, and information security risks—in shaping consumers’ intentions to engage in online shopping. Focusing on the East Coast region of Malaysia, the research employed a structured questionnaire administered to 300 respondents to assess consumer awareness of these risks and their impact on technology acceptance in digital marketplaces. The integration of TAM provides a theoretical lens to understand how risk perception affects behavioural intention and how positive technology perceptions can mitigate such effects. The findings offer valuable insights for e-retailers, marketers, and business owners in formulating effective risk-reduction strategies and enhancing perceived ease of use and usefulness, thereby increasing consumer trust and confidence. By addressing the dual dimensions of technology acceptance and risk perception, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of online consumer behaviour and offers practical guidance for fostering a more robust and sustainable digital marketplace ecosystem.
subject: Research Article
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creator: Mohd Remie Mohd Johan
creator: Siew Fan Chong
creator: Siti Fatiha Ismail
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 119
ending page: 131
doi: 10.15282/ijim.20.2.2026.12504

Towards sustainable integration of healing garden at healthcare facilities
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description: Healing gardens serve as natural environments that counterbalance the high stress levels experienced by patients and alleviate the emotional impact of being hospitalised, ultimately contributing towards their healing progress and overall well-being. Although healing gardens have become a visible trend in healthcare design, the effectiveness and longevity of these spaces for healing purposes remain questionable. This paper examines the wide-ranging benefits of healing gardens by reviewing relevant literature published between 2000 and 2024. It also outlines the key elements defining the functional and inclusive nature of healing gardens, specifically in healthcare settings, as well as the challenges associated with the development and expansion of healing gardens at healthcare facilities. The findings hope to provide a holistic understanding of the importance and complexity of healing garden development and its sustainability in healthcare facilities, offering valuable insights to healthcare designers, planners, and policymakers.
subject: Research Article
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creator: Fatimah Mahmud
creator: Noor Nadia Farahanna Che Man
creator: Zetty Ain Kamaruzzaman
creator: Azi Izwani Nor Hamzah
creator: Huynh Kim Thinh
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 67
ending page: 75
doi: 10.15282/ijim.20.2.2026.12376

Are customers satisfied with Shopee Express delivery service? A survey in Malaysia
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description: The rapid growth of the e-commerce industry has increased the demand for courier services in Malaysia. These services play a crucial role in ensuring fast and efficient product delivery. However, a rise in complaints from online shoppers regarding issues during the parcel delivery process by Shopee Xpress has led to customer dissatisfaction. This study examines the factors influencing online shoppers' satisfaction with Shopee Xpress delivery services in Malaysia using the SERVQUAL model. Data collected from 134 respondents in Peninsular Malaysia was analysed through Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis. The findings revealed that three out of five variables—price, reliability, and responsiveness—positively impact online shoppers' satisfaction, while assurance and empathy showed no significant influence. Price emerged as the strongest predictor of customer satisfaction, followed by reliability. This study enhances the understanding of the key factors affecting customer satisfaction with Shopee Xpress delivery services in Malaysia. Future research is recommended to include a more diverse sample of respondents to improve the accuracy of data analysis and to compare delivery services from different providers across Malaysia.
subject: Research Article
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creator: Muhammad Amirul Aiman Mohamed
creator: Suziyana Mat Dahan
creator: Fatimah Mahmud
creator: Gusman Nawanir
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 86
ending page: 95
doi: 10.15282/ijim.20.2.2026.12307

Is intrinsic motivation a consequential factor in the causal relations between innovative work behavior and task performance among marketing professionals?
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description: Employee innovativeness is a desired intrapreneurial behavior based on employers’ expectations of task performance. This is prevalent in the healthcare marketing industry, especially in developing countries where operational work resources are not optimal and may reduce employee motivation. Whilst extrinsic motivation relies on rewards, fear of punishment, or separable outcomes, intrinsic motivation draws from innate desire and drive within the individual employee. Therefore, organizations seek employees who are innovative, resourceful, and intrinsically motivated in pursuance of organizational goals. Grounded on the self-determination theory, this study aims to investigate the intervening role of intrinsic motivation in the causal relations between innovative behavior and task performance among healthcare marketing professionals. Survey data were collected using an online Google Forms questionnaire from a convenient sample of 135 operational-level healthcare marketing professionals, comprising of 41 females and 94 males. Data analysis was done using the covariance-based structural equation modeling software. The results showed that the measurement model had an adequate model fit to the data and acceptable construct validity. Correlation analysis revealed significant positive and discriminant associations between the three constructs. Innovative behavior and intrinsic motivation had a significant impact on task performance, while the total effect of innovative behavior on task performance was substantial. Mediation analysis revealed that intrinsic motivation accounted for a statistically significant proportion of the total effect of innovative behavior on performance. The study’s implications are two-fold. First, managers should stimulate intrinsic motivation in employees to maximize their innovativeness, especially when resources are not fully available. Second, managers and employers should target self-motivated and innovative individuals during recruitment. There…
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creator: Theophilus Ehidiamen Oamen
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2026-03-26
publication date: 2026-03-26
starting page: 37
ending page: 47
doi: 10.15282/ijim.20.1.2026.12205

Probabilistic Classification of PN17 Companies Based on Financial Indicators: A Logit Model Approach
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description: PN17 classification is synonymous with companies that fail to comply with the Bursa Malaysia laws, thus serving as an early warning for potential financial issues. Accurately determining the financial status of PN17 companies often requires an extensive review of the reports and procedures. This study employed a logit model to identify the factors contributing to PN17 classification with a combination of financial distress indicators: stock volatility, leverage, liquidity, profitability, and probability of default (PD). A sample of financial data from 46 companies listed on Bursa Malaysia, comprising both PN17 and non-PN17 companies, from 2017 to 2022 was analysed using logistic regression. The results reveal that stock volatility, liquidity, and leverage are statistically significant to PN17 classification at a 95% confidence interval. The logit function obtained from the logistic regression analysis was able to classify PN17 and non-PN17 companies with 85.1% accuracy. Nonetheless, the accuracy of classifying PN17 (31.9%) is lower compared to non-PN17 (96.4%). This may be due to class imbalance bias (PN17 and non-PN17) and the negative relationship found in leverage, which is contradicted by the financial theory where higher leverage means higher risk. The ROC-AUC analysis supports the struggle in classifying PN17 due to the counterintuitive relationship in leverage. This suggests a complex relationship in leverage that requires further investigation into its linearity, bimodality, and relations with other predictors. Overall, PN17 classification can be improved with stock volatility as the strongest predictor, followed by liquidity and leverage. Meanwhile, profitability and PD were found to be insignificant to PN17 classification. These findings highlight the gaps in the existing literature regarding the predictive power of the logit model when incorporating additional financial indicators (stock volatility and PD) and understanding the relationships of the financ…
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creator: Basheer Azdi Shahizan
creator: Maisarah Mohd Redwan
creator: Wardina Humaira’ Rostam
creator: Norliza Muhamad Yusof
creator: Muhamad Luqman Sapaini
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-12-05
publication date: 2025-12-05
starting page: 173
ending page: 183
doi: 10.15282/ijim.19.4.2025.12193

Mobile Application and Customer Effort: A Multigroup Analysis Among Energy Customers in Malaysia
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description: This study examines the impact of mobile applications (mobile apps) on customer effort across two main customer categories (residential and business) of a prominent energy provider in Malaysia. A questionnaire survey was administered to 951 respondents selected via stratified sampling, and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM), SmartPLS 4.0, was employed to analyse the data using bootstrapping and multigroup analysis. The results indicate that customer effort was influenced by functionality and design quality. Conversely, social trust and information quality negatively impacted customer effort in both customer categories. The multigroup analysis revealed no substantial variances among all variables on customer effort. These findings can assist energy companies in standardising their mobile app services across various customer segments, thus improving customer experience and satisfaction. Future research can expand the study by including other industries for better generalisability of the findings.
subject: Research Article
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creator: Abdul Rahman Zahari
creator: Elinda Esa
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-12-05
publication date: 2025-12-05
starting page: 184
ending page: 196
doi: 10.15282/ijim.19.4.2025.12176

Investigating the organisational safety culture factors in the oil and gas industry: A systematic review
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description: The oil and gas industry is one of the major contributors to global economic growth and industrial development. However, its operation is high-risk with challenges such as human error, chemical hazards, flammable materials, high-pressure systems, and complex machinery, which can lead to accidents. A prominent solution to handle such risks is to promote and strengthen a good safety culture practice in oil and gas sites. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the organisational factors influencing the safety culture in the oil and gas industry. A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for System Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method and the data were analysed using thematic analysis. The findings revealed six organisational factors (safety rules, safety reporting, working environment, job satisfaction, accident and incidents, and technology equipment) that significantly influence the establishment of a safety culture in the oil and gas industry. This study can assist managerial personnel to strengthen their company by fostering organisational safety culture and minimise workplace accidents.
subject: Review Article
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creator: Abdul Azim Abdul Razak
creator: Siti Noraishah Ismail
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 76
ending page: 85
doi: 10.15282/ijim.20.2.2026.12173

THE ROLE OF SMART ORGANISATIONS IN ORGANISATIONAL AMBIDEXTERITY: A STUDY OF EDUCATIONAL SUPERVISORS’ PERSPECTIVES AT DUHOK GOVERNORATE
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description: Recent technological advancement has prompted smart organisations to become the focal point of any organisation. This research investigates the role of smart organisations (understanding the environment, finding strategic alternatives, continuous learning, smart processes, and intelligence teams) in organisational ambidexterity (exploration and exploitation of ambidexterity). Simple random sampling was used to select 60 educational supervisors in the Duhok Governorate. A quantitative approach via survey questionnaire was employed for data collection and Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used for data analysis purposes. The findings demonstrated a significant relationship between smart organisations and organisational ambidexterity. Future studies are recommended to investigate the nexus between additional factors and their moderating and mediating roles as well as exploring the strategic differences between balancing exploration and exploitation and maximising their scope.
subject: Research Article
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creator: Ayoub Ali Mustafa Ameen
creator: Kawar Abdullah Ali
creator: Nechirvan Haje Ibrahim
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-03-03
publication date: 2025-03-03
starting page: 40
ending page: 60
doi: 10.15282/ijim.19.1.2025.12104

OPTIMISING LOGISTICS COSTING IN MALAYSIAN SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES: A CASE STUDY OF GARMENT MANUFACTURER
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description: This paper addresses the critical issue of inefficient logistics costing practices within garment manufacturing small medium enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia, which often leads to suboptimal cost management and competitive disadvantage. It investigates the current practices of logistics costing in local garment manufacturing SMEs and examines the challenges posed by emerging trends in logistics costing. The study also aims to identify prevalent practices in logistics management, ascertain the factors influencing logistics costs, and recommend effective strategies for optimising these costs. A qualitative method via semi-structured interview was employed to gather the data. The findings reveal that logistics costs are predominantly calculated based on transportation fees alone. Significant factors affecting logistics costs include currency exchange rates and labour expenses. The recommended best practices for managing logistics costs effectively include outsourcing logistics functions and opting for smaller vehicles, such as cars or vans, instead of larger lorries.
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creator: Moo Yi Chua
creator: Khai Loon Lee
creator: Nor Rokiah Hanum Md Haron
creator: Gusman Nawanir
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-03-03
publication date: 2025-03-03
starting page: 22
ending page: 28
doi: 10.15282/ijim.19.1.2025.12091

MITIGATING MACHINERY'S ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT IN PALM OIL PLANTATIONS FOR ENHANCED BUSINESS PERFORMANCE
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description: This study highlights the importance for YP Plantation Holdings Sdn Bhd (YPPH) to maintain the use of machinery in palm oil plantations without damaging the environment. One of the keys to achieving such goal is to conduct regular inspections and maintenance to ensure that all machinery is working properly and efficiently, thus avoiding costs associated with breakdown and repair. It is also important for the machinery to comply with environmental regulations. This will not only promote environmentally friendly operations but also establish a positive impression among environmentally conscious stakeholders. In conclusion, proper maintenance of equipment and machines will help YPPH to save costs and become an environmentally friendly entity, thus ensuring its long-term success in the palm oil industry.
subject: Research Article
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creator: Amira Nur Alia Azmi
creator: Nur Sofia Nabila Alimin
creator: Ahmad Bathaei
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-03-03
publication date: 2025-03-03
starting page: 10
ending page: 21
doi: 10.15282/ijim.19.1.2025.12090

A review of the reward system and reward management at Nkangala District Municipality
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description: In the public sector, employee rewards have not kept pace with time and fail to keep up with shifts in the workforce and societal expectations. This study aims to understand the public sector's reward system and reward management. The data were gathered through standardised, open-ended interviews, followed by a document review using reputable sources to collect relevant thoughts and facts. Content analysis was employed to support the continual comparative data analysis method, which classified the data according to their commonalities and differences. It was found that the Nkangala District Municipality uses an antiquated and traditional reward system that is centrally organised and non-employee-centric, with choices enforced from the top down, lacking interaction; unappealing and insufficiently competitive and non-inclusive; and does not have versatility, such as no adjustable rewards consisting of cards for gifts or coupons. Rewards are also not delivered equally or honestly, thus contributing to disengagement. The majority of workers are resentful because their pay is lower than that of comparable employees in other municipalities, while bonuses and extra hours are given only to specific employees. Furthermore, there is a lack of complete or contemporary reward systems, such as missing intrinsic benefits like professional progression. Employees also reported a sense of mistrust, fostered by insufficient communication about reward schemes. There is also no formalised process for productivity synchronisation or award distribution, with senior management being disproportionately rewarded over lower-level employees. This study offers useful insights for public sector organisations to re-evaluate their outdated reward systems and adopt modern reward management practices.
subject: Research Article
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creator: Dickson Mdhlalose
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2026-03-26
publication date: 2026-03-26
starting page: 56
ending page: 66
doi: 10.15282/ijim.20.1.2026.12069

Enhancing parking and traffic efficiency through discrete event simulation: A case study at Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah
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description: University campuses, such as University Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah face recurring challenges in managing traffic and parking due to increasing vehicle numbers and limited infrastructure. This study addresses these issues by employing Discrete Event Simulation to evaluate and enhance parking and traffic efficiency at Block Z, University Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Gambang Campus. It aims to identify the primary problems of insufficient parking spaces and traffic congestion that led to significant delays and inconvenience for students, staff, and visitors. The objectives of this study are to develop a simulation model of the current parking and traffic system, assess its efficiency, and recommend improvements. The ARENA software was used to run several simulation scenarios that integrated input gathered through observations, interviews, and records from University Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah Holding. The simulation performance was evaluated through metrics such as waiting times, parking utilisation, and vehicle flow. Validation and verification techniques, including Mean Absolute Percentage Error and face validation, were done to ensure the model's accuracy and reliability. Key findings suggest that reorganising parking layouts and adding parking spaces closer to Block Z significantly reduce waiting times and traffic congestion. Scenario 2, involving eight additional organised parking spaces near Block Z, proved most effective, achieving a reduction in waiting times by 75% and eliminating parking shortages. The study highlights the value of Discrete Event Simulation as a decision-making tool for optimising campus infrastructure, offering practical insights and scalable solutions for University Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah and similar institutions.
subject: Research Article
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creator: Ahmad Mujahid Ishak
creator: Jack Kie Cheng
creator: Freselam Mulubrhan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 96
ending page: 108
doi: 10.15282/ijim.20.2.2026.11962

A discrete event simulation approach to improve the efficiency of university parcel centre services in Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah
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description: The increasing reliance on e-commerce has led to higher demands in parcel management and customer expectations, exposing parcel centres to challenges like long waiting times and poor resource allocation. If left unaddressed, these issues may result in delays and customer dissatisfaction. This study aims to develop a simulation model for the parcel collection process at the UMPSA Parcel Centre, evaluate its efficiency using the model, and recommend alternative strategies. Discrete Event Simulation was used to generate the simulation model, and data were collected through observation and staff interviews. Several scenarios—implementing a sorting system and adding a service counter—were tested to identify the optimal solution. The results showed that these strategies successfully reduced the amount of time customers spent at the parcel centre, thus increasing overall efficiency. The findings offer practical recommendations for UMPSA and other academic institutions to improve resource allocation, reduce congestion, and improve service quality, ultimately benefiting staff and customers.
subject: Research Article
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creator: Azli Azhar
creator: Jack Kie Cheng
creator: Freselam Mulubrhan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2026-03-26
publication date: 2026-03-26
starting page: 11
ending page: 20
doi: 10.15282/ijim.20.1.2026.11961

A Discrete Event Simulation Approach for Efficient Student Enrolment Processes at Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah
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description: Rapid advances in technology and globalization have shaped our world, and the acquisition and application of knowledge have become critical to success. At Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah (UMPSA), the increasing number of students has led to inefficiencies in the student enrolment process, particularly concerning long waiting times and resource bottlenecks. These problems have caused delays and dissatisfaction, hence calling the urgent need to improve the student enrolment processes. The objectives of this study are to develop a simulation model to evaluate the inefficiencies in the student enrolment process and recommend new improvements using discrete event simulation (DES). The ARENA software simulation was employed to simulate the enrolment process while comparing the base case with the improved scenarios using the performance metrics of waiting times and queue lengths. The proposed improvements resulted in significant reductions in waiting times and queue lengths, particularly through increased staffing at hostel counters. The findings highlight the importance of strategic resource allocation in optimizing high-volume administrative processes. This study contributes to the body of knowledge regarding DES applications in the educational sector and serves as practical strategies for improving student enrolment processes at UMPSA and similar institutions.
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creator: Hui Jing Pang
creator: Jack Kie Cheng
creator: Yao Liu
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 116
ending page: 128
doi: 10.15282/ijim.19.3.2025.11960

Application of Discrete Event Simulation for Enhancing Queuing System at Lotus Alor Setar
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description: Queue management is a critical challenge for hypermarkets, where prolonged wait times can negatively impact customer satisfaction and operational efficiency. The congested checkout areas at Lotus Alor Setar are caused by a high number of customers and insufficient cashiers, resulting in slower transaction times for scanning, payments, and assistance. Such queuing problems cause delay to the overall service, thus reducing customer satisfaction. In response to the issue, this study aimed to enhance the queueing system at Lotus Alor Setar through a simulation model and to propose the most efficient hypermarket queueing system. Discrete Event Simulation was used to replicate the existing systems, followed by the testing of three scenarios to determine their respective performance in addressing the issue. The significance of this study lies in identifying ways to efficiently allocate resources, such as personnel and checkout stations, to promote cost savings and higher service quality. These findings offer useful insights not only for improving the queuing system at Lotus Alor Setar but also for guiding other hypermarkets alike.
subject: Research Article
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creator: Arief Farhan Mazri
creator: Jack Kie Cheng
creator: Yao Liu
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-12-05
publication date: 2025-12-05
starting page: 197
ending page: 209
doi: 10.15282/ijim.19.4.2025.11959

A risk-based cost estimation model for optimizing construction projects in Palestine
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description: This study investigates the critical risk factors affecting cost estimation in the Palestinian construction industry and develops a risk-based cost estimation model. Given the complexity of construction projects, this research employed a mixed-methods approach that combined qualitative interviews with industry professionals and a quantitative survey. A total of 39 risk factors were identified, with the most influential being project location, material availability, and market fluctuations. The study emphasizes the importance of these risks in the context of Palestine, where challenges such as geopolitical instability, resource limitations, and market volatility are common. A risk-based model incorporating Monte Carlo simulations and the Analytic Hierarchy Process was proposed to improve the accuracy and reliability of cost estimation. The model allows for a more systematic approach to managing risk by quantifying its impact on project costs. The results indicate that the top five risk factors account for 68.56% of the total cost of risk, underscoring the need for targeted risk management strategies. This research provides valuable insights and actionable strategies for construction professionals in enhancing cost estimation accuracy, improving decision-making processes, and contributing to more resilient and sustainable construction projects in Palestine.
subject: Research Article
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creator: Sameh Fuqaha
creator: Ibrahim Abdalla
creator: Muhammad Hari Zulfiar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2026-03-26
publication date: 2026-03-26
starting page: 21
ending page: 36
doi: 10.15282/ijim.20.1.2026.11952

A preliminary study of scheduled waste management practices in Malaysia
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description: As industrialisation continues to grow, effective scheduled waste management is essential for minimising environmental risks and safeguarding public health. Thus, this study explores the practices, challenges, and safety measures associated with managing scheduled waste. Two companies located in Kuantan, Pahang and one academic institution located in Kerteh, Terengganu, participated in this study. The research employed a qualitative exploratory approach by incorporating semi-structured interviews with six experts from an academic institution and two industries, along with a thorough review of relevant documents. Key findings indicate that while industries generally follow standard operating procedures for waste handling and safety measures, challenges remain in areas such as regulatory compliance, staff awareness, and infrastructure capacity. Notable issues include the absence of formal certification training, budgetary constraints, and inadequate space for temporary waste storage. A SWOT analysis was conducted to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats within existing practices. The study also highlights the importance of enhancing awareness, formalising training programs, and upgrading infrastructure to address the increasing volume of scheduled waste, ultimately ensuring a safer workplace and promoting sustainable waste management practices. These insights offer a foundation for improving scheduled waste management in Malaysia.
subject: Research Article
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creator: Afza Humairah Hazarudin
creator: Mohd Shaiful Zaidi Mat Desa
creator: Mochammad Sholehhudin
creator: Azizan Ramli
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2026-03-26
publication date: 2026-03-26
starting page: 48
ending page: 55
doi: 10.15282/ijim.20.1.2026.11897

Enhancing the monitoring and evaluation of road construction projects using expert opinion: A case of Uganda national roads authority
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description: Road transport is among the sub-sectors that receive the highest funding in Uganda. Nevertheless, there has been a persistent public outcry on delays, low-quality deliveries, and even project failures in different parts of the country. Existing studies have attributed this to inefficient monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of road construction projects, which remains underexplored at the local scale. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to enhance the M&E of road construction projects in Uganda by establishing key factors of the exercise. Initial key M&E factors were identified through a literature review, and the Delphi technique was later employed to determine the experts’ levels of agreement towards these factors using measures of central tendency, such as mean, standard deviation (SD), and Coefficient of Variation (CV). The levels of consensus among experts were further confirmed by Kendall’s W, and the Relative Importance Index (RII) finally revealed key M&E factors in road construction. The findings are crucial to support planning and decision-making across all stages of road construction projects in Uganda and the execution of targeted interventions in M&E exercises during project implementation. This study can be expanded in the future by focusing on the development of regression modelling, spatial modelling, and machine learning to predict the success and failure of M&E in road construction projects.
subject: Research Article
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creator: Ismail Kamukama
creator: Ismail Wadembere
creator: Denis Ssebuggwaawo
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2026-03-26
publication date: 2026-03-26
starting page: 1
ending page: 10
doi: 10.15282/ijim.20.1.2026.11824

IMPROVING THE QUALITY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF PALM OIL THROUGH MECHANISATION IN PALM OIL COMPANIES
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description: The purpose of this study is to enhance palm oil productivity and quality through mechanisation by identifying palm oil production processes and recommending appropriate mechanisation strategies to increase palm oil productivity and quality. The data was gathered via semi-structured interviews with employees from YP Plantation Holdings Sdn Bhd. The findings hope to offer recommendations for YPPH to optimise the production process, improve palm oil quality, and increase productivity. This will not only uphold YPPH's market competitiveness but also promote better farmer welfare, expand the agricultural industry, and influence policy and decision-making. The study also offers a conclusion and discussion, research recommendations, identification of literary gaps, and best practices for future development. Implementing the proposed solutions can lead to improved palm oil quality, higher output, and overall growth for YPPH and the agricultural sector, notably the palm oil industry. This will help YPPH to improve palm oil quality while increasing output and overall development, solidifying its position as a vital player in the palm oil market.
subject: Research Article
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creator: Maisarah Ismail
creator: Nur Sofia Nabila Alimin
creator: Ahmad Bathaei
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2024-12-09
publication date: 2024-12-09
starting page: 212
ending page: 222
doi: 10.15282/ijim.18.4.2024.11687

FAVOURITISM IN THE WORKPLACE: A REVIEW OF ITS CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES, AND MITIGATION STRATEGIES
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description: This review is a synthesis of contemporary literature between 2020 and 2024 to explore the causes, consequences, and mitigation strategies associated with workplace favouritism. It identifies key drivers of workplace favouritism, including interpersonal relationships, power dynamics, and leadership styles, which contribute to inequitable resource distribution, discriminatory practices, and the formation of in-groups and out-groups within organisations. The findings highlight significant consequences, such as reduced job satisfaction, heightened employee cynicism, and diminished organisational citizenship, ultimately undermining organisational effectiveness. Some potential mitigations in addressing these issues include enhancing transparency, adopting merit-based systems, and leveraging emerging technologies, which can potentially help organisations foster fairness and trust. Future research should examine cultural and demographic variations in perceptions of favouritism and explore innovative frameworks for promoting equity in diverse workplaces.
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creator: Asrif Yusoff
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-06-02
publication date: 2025-06-02
starting page: 83
ending page: 91
doi: 10.15282/ijim.19.2.2025.11647

BUSINESS ANALYTICS IMPLEMENTATION: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
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description: Business analytics (BA) has emerged as a pivotal tool for enhancing decision-making and business performance through data-driven insights. However, its implementation remains a significant challenge. This study employed a systematic literature review methodology and utilised Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar as a backup database to retrieve relevant literature. The review followed a structured process comprising identification, screening, eligibility, and data collection/extraction stages. The searches initially retrieved 83 articles, of which 41 met the inclusion criteria based on peer-reviewed journal status, language, and relevance. Google Scholar was utilised to access articles unavailable in the primary databases. Following full-text assessments and accessibility checks, 25 articles were selected for analysis. The findings categorise antecedents, strategies, and consequences of BA implementation, highlighting the importance of management support, data infrastructure, and cultural readiness. Additionally, it identified several gaps in the literature, including research on skills development and adoption within small and medium enterprises. This study provides actionable insights for practitioners and future research directions to advance BA implementation.
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creator: Arkhe Pacis
creator: P. dela Cruz
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-06-02
publication date: 2025-06-02
starting page: 104
ending page: 115
doi: 10.15282/ijim.19.2.2025.11462

INFLUENCE OF TECHNICAL CHALLENGES ON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT CONTRACTING
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description: The construction industry plays a crucial role in economic development by providing essential infrastructure, creating jobs, and supporting other industries. However, this sector faces persistent technical challenges that impede successful project contracting, including issues, such as inadequate supervision, unskilled labour, and outdated equipment. Despite the industry's importance, there is limited research on how these technical challenges impact project contracting, creating a gap in understanding and addressing these issues effectively. This study investigates the influence of technical challenges on project contracting in construction. The data were gathered using a structured survey and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to analyse the impact of challenges like resource shortages, supply chain issues, and insufficient workforce skills on contracting outcomes. The findings revealed lack of qualified supervision, unskilled labour resulting in poor workmanship, material shortages due to defective supply chains, and ambiguous project specifications as significant challenges that influence projects. The structural equation modelling confirms the reliability of the proposed model, highlighting the interplay between identified technical challenges and their latent constructs. These findings highlight the need to invest in training programs in ensuring that project supervisors and managers possess the necessary qualifications and skills to effectively oversee construction projects. The study concludes by outlining suggestions for further research to deepen the understanding of technical challenges in the delivery of construction contracts and inform evidence-based strategies for industry improvement. This research not only addresses gaps in current literature but also provides practical recommendations for optimising contract deliverables in the construction industry.
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creator: Charles Egyabeng Coleman
creator: Erastus Misheng’u Mwanaumo
creator: Mundia Muya
creator: Rahimi Abdul Rahman
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-06-02
publication date: 2025-06-02
starting page: 92
ending page: 103
doi: 10.15282/ijim.19.2.2025.11318

HOW CONTROLLING SHAREHOLDERS PLAY THEIR DECISIVE ROLES IN CORPORATE SOCIAL INVESTMENTS: A CASE STUDY OF PAKISTAN
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description: This study examines the role of controlling shareholders in determining the level of corporate social responsibility (CSR) investments. The data was collected from Pakistani listed firms and analysed using the panel regression technique. The results revealed that controlling shareholders have direct and nonlinear relationships (U-shaped) with social investments. The U-shaped relationship indicates that CSR investments decrease at lower levels of shareholders and increase when controlling shareholders own more shares. Subsequently, controlling shareholders may be risk-averse or consciously keep lower level of CSR investments while owning less shares. However, CSR investments may later increase as controlling shareholders own more shares for reputation and survivability concerns. The findings are useful for managers and policymakers to explore the impact of main corporate governance actors (i.e., controlling shareholders) towards CSR investments. It offers guidelines for managers, minority shareholders, and the government regarding CSR investments and whether controlling shareholders will align or contradict these endeavours. The study also extends the theoretical boundaries of the agency theory and reference point for developing economies with weak governance mechanisms and poor investor protection.
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creator: Quratulain
creator: Muhammad Wasif Zafar
creator: Jawad Asif
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-06-02
publication date: 2025-06-02
starting page: 61
ending page: 70
doi: 10.15282/ijim.19.2.2025.11223