International Journal of Humanities Technology and Civilization
The Centre for Human Sciences publishes the IJHTC, an open access, peer-reviewed and refereed journal. IJHTC's main goal is to provide an intellectual platform for international scholars to share their knowledge. The goal of the IJHTC is to encourage interdisciplinary research in the humanities and social sciences. Research papers in the fields of Islamic studies, humanities technology, political studies, ethnic relations, technology management, communication and languages, technopreneurship, co-curriculum, education, culture, literature, arts, civilizations, religions, psychology and sociology, soft skills, leadership, values, and patriotism are published in the journal. IJHTC is indexed by Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Index Copernicus International (ICI), Malaysia Citation Index (MyCite).
Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah Press
Kepentingan pembelajaran tambahan agama terhadap tahap penguasaan Al-Quran murid sekolah rendah
Kajian ini meneliti kepentingan pembelajaran tambahan agama terhadap tahap penguasaan al-Quran dalam kalangan murid sekolah rendah. Pembelajaran tambahan agama merangkumi aktiviti seperti pengajian al-Quran di luar waktu persekolahan melalui Kelas al-Quran dan Fardu Ain (KAFA), pengajian bersama guru al-Quran atau orang perseorangan dan sokongan pembelajaran oleh ahli keluarga. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti bentuk pembelajaran tambahan agama yang diikuti oleh murid sekolah rendah dan menganalisis hubungan antara penglibatan dalam pembelajaran tambahan agama dengan tahap penguasaan al-Quran. . Seramai 498 orang murid tahun enam dipilih sebagai responden. Data dikumpul menggunakan borang soal selidik dan dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan inferensi (Crosstabs dan Chi-Square). Dapatan kajian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara bentuk pembelajaran tambahan agama dengan tahap penguasaan al-Quran, χ²(14, N=498) = 72.838, p < 0.001. Murid yang mengikuti kombinasi pembelajaran tambahan agama (KAFA, guru al-Quran dan ahli keluarga) mencatatkan pencapaian tertinggi pada tahap khatam al-Quran (66.7%) berbanding murid yang tidak pernah mengikuti pembelajaran tambahan agama (23.8%). Hasil kajian ini membuktikan bahawa pembelajaran tambahan agama memberi sumbangan yang signifikan terhadap pencapaian objektif penguasaan al-Quran kanak-kanak terutamanya apabila dilaksanakan secara bersepadu melalui pendekatan formal dan tidak formal. Artikel ini menekankan keperluan untuk memperkukuh usaha pendidikan agama secara menyeluruh, melibatkan kerjasama antara institusi, komuniti dan keluarga bagi membina asas rohani yang kukuh dalam kalangan generasi muda Muslim. This study examines the role of supplementary religious learning in relation to Qur’anic proficiency among primary school students. Supplementary religious learning includes Qur’anic lessons conducted outside formal school hours through Kelas al-Quran dan Fardu Ain (KAFA), private tutoring with Qur’anic teachers, and learning support provided by family members. The study aims to identify the forms of supplementary religious learning attended by students and to analyse their relationship with students’ level of Qur’anic proficiency. A total of 498 Year Six students participated as respondents. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analysed using descriptive statistics and inferential analysis, specifically crosstabulation and chi-square tests. The findings indicate a significant relationship between forms of supplementary religious learning and the level of Qur’anic proficiency, χ²(14, N = 498) = 72.838, p < 0.001. Students who participated in a combination of supplementary learning environments (KAFA, Qur’anic teachers, and family guidance) recorded the highest percentage of completing the Qur’an (66.7%), compared to students who did not participate in any form of supplementary religious learning (23.8%). These findings demonstrate that supplementary religious learning contributes significantly to the development of Qur’anic literacy among children, particularly when implemented through an integrated approach that combines formal and informal learning environments. The study highlights the importance of strengthening collaborative efforts among educational institutions, families, and communities to support holistic religious education for young Muslim learners.
Copyright (c) 2026 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Technological knowledge readiness in teaching Islamic education: A preliminary report of pre-service Islamic education teachers at Kulliyyah of Education, International Islamic University Malaysia
This preliminary study aimed to evaluate the level of technological knowledge readiness among pre-service Islamic education teachers at the Kulliyyah of Education (KOED), International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), to identify specific strengths and weaknesses within the components of technological readiness, and to analyse the gap between perceived readiness and the practical application of technology in teaching among pre-service Islamic education teachers at KOED, IIUM. Employing a quantitative survey design, data were collected from a total of 16 pre-service teachers using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to interpret the data. Items were grouped into three dimensions: awareness of technology, skills of pre-service teachers, and pedagogical application. The findings indicate that participants demonstrated high readiness in awareness and technical skills, reflecting strong engagement with emerging technologies and confidence in selecting appropriate tools. However, pedagogical application scores were comparatively lower, highlighting a gap between conceptual understanding and practical classroom integration. These findings underscore the need for teacher education programs to move beyond surface-level technological familiarity and to provide structured, practice-oriented training that aligns digital competencies with pedagogical strategies and the ethical and instructional principles of Islamic Education.
Penghayatan masyarakat pelbagai etnik terhadap unsur tradisi dalam Perlembagaan Persekutuan Malaysia
The traditional elements of the Malaysian Federal Constitution consist of Islam, the Malay language, the position of the Malays and Malay Kings. The traditional element in the Federal Constitution is an element that has traditionally been carried over from existing laws in Malaya. This element of tradition was created to safeguard the interests of this nation's citizens and still safeguards the interests of other ethnic groups. This study looks at the level of knowledge, attitude and appreciation of traditional Malay, Chinese and Indian ethnic elements through a survey on social media. A quantitative approach was used with a sample of 2389 people from all over peninsular Malaysia. The sample was randomly selected. The research instrument uses the Traditional Element Index Study in the Federal Constitution (KIUTPP) questionnaire. The results of the study show that there are significant differences between the Malay, Chinese and Indian ethnic groups in terms of knowledge, attitude and appreciation of traditional elements. Ethnic Malays have a high level of knowledge, attitude and appreciation of traditional elements. While Ethnic Indians have high knowledge and attitude, but moderate appreciation. The Chinese ethnic group has a high level of knowledge, but a simple attitude and understanding. This study also shows that Chinese and Indians know about traditional elements, but their group is mostly neutral. The majority also did not object to the allocation set for the Malays and bumiputeras because they were also aware that the Malays and bumiputeras are the native of this country. Unsur tradisi Perlembagaan Persekutuan Malaysia terdiri daripada agama Islam sebagai agama Persekutuan, bahasa Melayu sebagai bahasa kebangsaan, kedudukan orang Melayu dan Raja-Raja Melayu. Unsur tradisi dalam Perlembagaan Persekutuan merupakan unsur yang secara tradisi lagi telah dibawa daripada undang-undang yang telah ada di Tanah Melayu. Unsur tradisi ini diwujudkan untuk menjaga kepentingan anak watan negara ini. Walau bagaimanpun, unsur tradisi ini tetap menjaga kepentingan etnik lain dengan tidak menafikan hak yang ada pada warganegara bukan bumiputera. Kajian ini melihat kepada tahap pengetahuan, sikap dan penghayatan unsur tradisi etnik Melayu, Cina dan India melalui tinjauan di media sosial. Pendekatan kuantitatif digunakan dengan sampel sebanyak 2389 orang dari seluruh semenanjung Malaysia. Sampel dipilih secara rawak berkelompok. Instrumen kajian menggunakan soal selidik Kajian Indeks Unsur Tradisi dalam Perlembagaan Persekutuan (KIUTPP). Hasil kajian menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan antara etnik Melayu, Cina dan India bagi pengetahuan, sikap dan penghayatan unsur tradisi. Etnik Melayu mempunyai tahap pengetahuan, sikap dan penghayatan unsur tradisi yang tinggi. Manakala Etnik India mempunyai pengetahuan dan sikap yang tinggi, tetapi penhayatan sederhana. Etnik Cina mempunyai tahap pengetahuan yang tinggi, tetapi sikap dan penghayatan sederhana. Kajian ini juga menunjukkan orang Cina dan India tahu berkenaan unsur tradisi tetapi kelompok mereka majoritinya lebih bersifat neutral. Majoriti juga tidak membantah peruntukkan yang ditetapkan terhadap orang Melayu dan bumiputera kerana mereka juga sedar bahawa orang Melayu dan bumiputera adalah anak watan negara ini. Implikasi daripada kajian ini, pendedahan berkaitan perkara asas dalam perlembagaan persekutuan perlu diperkasakan lagi.
Cabaran pematuhan ikhtilat berlandaskan syariah Islam dalam kalangan multigenerasi di Negara Brunei Darussalam
Artikel ini membincangkan isu ikhtilat yang tidak terkawal antara ahli keluarga, dalam kalangan keluarga multigenerasi di Negara Brunei Darussalam. Situasi perumahan yang menempatkan pelbagai generasi dalam satu rumah tanpa pengawasan yang berlandaskan syarak boleh mewujudkan suasana yang tidak selamat dari sudut syariah. Keadaan ini berlaku apabila batas aurat, adab pergaulan, dan privasi tidak dijaga, yang mana membuka ruang kepada perbuatan yang bertentangan dengan ajaran Islam, sebagai contoh khalwat dalam kalangan ahli keluarga. Antara faktor yang mendorong kepada terjadinya perbuatan tersebut disebabkan antaranya kelonggaran pemantauan ketua keluarga, kurang mengamalkan ajaran agama, serta kurang memiliki sifat takwa dan perasaan takut kepada Allah SWT. Kajian ini menggunakan metodologi kualitatif, yang menganalisis beberapa contoh kes yang tidak dinafikan bermula daripada khalwat yang berlaku dalam kalangan ahli keluarga dan statistik yang berkaitan mengenainya. Juga tidak lupa menggunakan metod analisis dokumen yang berbentuk buku-buku rujukan dan artikel-artikel ilmiah yang berkisar mengenai cabaran pematuhan ikhtilat yang berdasarkan syarak dalam kalangan multigenerasi. Hasil kajian mendapati pengukuhan institusi kekeluargaan yang berasaskan nilai-nilai syarak amat penting bagi memastikan pergaulan ahli keluarga dalam kalangan multigenerasi terjaga dan selari dengan kehendak syarak. Institusi kekeluargaan berperanan dalam mencegah perbuatan ikhtilat melalui pemantauan syariah secara konsisten, komunikasi berkesan, dan penglibatan ahli keluarga secara aktif dalam membentuk adab dan akhlak yang mengikut landasan syarak. Pengkaji ini merupakan antara individu terawal yang menjalankan kajian berkaitan cabaran pematuhan syariah dalam kalangan keluarga multigenerasi di Negara Brunei Darussalam. This article examines the issue of unregulated ikhtilat (gender interaction) among family members within multigenerational households in Brunei Darussalam. Contemporary residential arrangements that accommodate multiple generations under one roof, without Shariah-guided supervision of social interaction, may give rise to situations that are deemed unsafe from an Islamic legal perspective. Such conditions emerge when the observance of aurah boundaries, proper etiquette of interaction, and personal privacy is neglected, thereby creating opportunities for behaviours that contravene Islamic teachings, including instances of khalwat occurring among family members themselves. Several contributing factors to this phenomenon have been identified, including lax supervision by family heads, limited religious understanding and practice, as well as weak levels of taqwa and consciousness of Allah SWT in daily life. This study adopts a qualitative research approach through the analysis of selected case examples related to khalwat within family settings, supported by relevant statistical data. In addition, a document analysis method is employed, involving the examination of authoritative texts and scholarly articles that address the challenges of Shariah-compliant ikhtilat within multigenerational family contexts. The findings indicate that strengthening the family institution based on Shariah values is crucial in ensuring that social interactions among multigenerational family members remain regulated and aligned with Islamic principles. The family institution plays a pivotal role in preventing violations of ikhtilat norms through consistent Shariah-based supervision, effective communication, and the active involvement of family members in cultivating ethical conduct and moral values grounded in Islamic teachings. This study represents one of the earliest scholarly efforts to specifically address the challenges of Shariah compliance among multigenerational families in Brunei Darussalam.
Keperluan pekerja wanita Islam yang kematian suami ketika menjalani iḥdād
Iḥdād is a religious obligation prescribed by Islamic law for Muslim women whose husbands have passed away, to be observed throughout the ʿiddah period of four months and ten days, as stipulated in the Qurʾān and the Sunnah. This obligation also applies to working women, although Islamic law provides flexibility for them to leave the house for work due to necessity. Nevertheless, they remain bound by certain prohibitions that must be observed throughout this period. Within the context of the modern workplace, questions arise regarding the real needs and challenges faced by Muslim women undergoing iḥdād, particularly in terms of emotional well‑being, career continuity, and institutional support. This study aims to identify and analyse the primary needs of Muslim working women who have experienced the death of their husbands during the iḥdād period. Employing a qualitative approach, semi‑structured interviews were conducted with ten respondents from the public and private sectors who had undergone iḥdād. The interview data were recorded, transcribed, and analysed using ATLAS.ti software version 8.4.15 through thematic analysis. The findings identified nine key needs: financial assistance; emotional support from employers; additional leave; employer awareness of iḥdād; childcare management support; flexible working hours; knowledge dissemination; clear iḥdād guidelines; and exemptions or flexibility in job responsibilities. The study proposes the establishment of institutional support mechanisms and Shariah‑friendly workplace policies through the development of an Iḥdād Support Model, to ensure that working women are able to fulfil their religious obligations with peace of mind without compromising their livelihood needs and career sustainability. Iḥdād merupakan salah satu kewajipan syarak yang dikenakan ke atas wanita Islam yang kematian suami sepanjang tempoh iddah iaitu selama empat bulan sepuluh hari, sebagaimana yang ditetapkan oleh al-Qur’an dan al-Sunnah. Kewajipan ini turut terpakai kepada wanita berkerjaya, meskipun syariat memberikan kelonggaran untuk keluar bekerja atas keperluan mendesak. Walau bagaimanapun, mereka tetap terikat dengan larangan tertentu yang perlu dipatuhi sepanjang tempoh tersebut. Dalam konteks dunia pekerjaan moden, wujud persoalan berhubung bentuk keperluan dan cabaran sebenar yang dihadapi oleh wanita Islam yang menjalani iḥdād, khususnya dari aspek emosi, kelangsungan kerjaya, dan sokongan institusi. Kajian ini bertujuan mengenal pasti dan menganalisis keperluan utama pekerja wanita Islam yang kematian suami semasa tempoh iḥdād. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, temu bual separa berstruktur telah dijalankan ke atas sepuluh orang responden daripada sektor awam dan swasta yang pernah menjalani tempoh iḥdād. Data temu bual dirakam, ditranskripsikan, dan dianalisis menggunakan perisian ATLAS.ti versi 8.4.15 melalui kaedah analisis tematik. Dapatan kajian mengenal pasti sembilan keperluan utama, iaitu bantuan kewangan, sokongan emosi daripada majikan, cuti tambahan, kesedaran majikan mengenai iḥdād, bantuan pengurusan anak, waktu kerja fleksibel, pendedahan ilmu, garis panduan iḥdād, serta pengecualian dan kelonggaran tugas. Kajian ini mencadangkan pembentukan mekanisme sokongan institusi dan polisi tempat kerja yang mesra Syariah melalui Model Sokongan Iḥdād yang dibina bagi memastikan wanita berkerjaya dapat menunaikan tuntutan agama dengan tenang tanpa menjejaskan keperluan hidup dan kelangsungan kerjaya mereka.
Pemerkasaan pilihan raya kampus melalui sistem e-voting: Kajian kes di Universiti Putra Malaysia
Kajian ini meneliti pelaksanaan sistem e-voting dalam Pilihan Raya Kampus Majlis Perwakilan Pelajar di Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) sebagai satu usaha memperkasakan proses demokrasi pelajar. Menggunakan pendekatan kajian kes dengan gabungan kajian ekplotaori dan soal selidik kuantitatif ke atas 190 responden, kajian ini menggariskan sejarah pelaksanaan e-voting, tahap penerimaan mahasiswa, serta cabaran teknikal dan sosial yang dihadapi. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa sistem e-voting yang telah dijenamakan kepada Putra Voting berjaya memudahkan pengundian, mengurangkan kos logistik, dan meningkatkan kadar penyertaan. Namun, jurang literasi digital, kebimbangan terhadap keselamatan data, serta kekurangan taklimat pra pengundian menjejaskan keyakinan pelajar terhadap ketelusan proses. Berdasarkan penemuan ini, kajian mencadangkan pelaksanaan modul latihan interaktif, mekanisme audit bebas, dan sokongan teknikal masa nyata untuk memastikan e-voting berfungsi dengan lebih efektif dan inklusif. Implikasi kajian ini memberi panduan kepada universiti lain yang bercadang mengadaptasi teknologi serupa, serta membuka ruang penyelidikan lanjut dalam integrasi kecerdasan buatan bagi mempertingkat keberkesanan dan keselamatan sistem. This study explores the implementation of an e-voting system for the Student Representative Council elections at Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), aiming to strengthen campus democracy. Employing a case study design, data were gathered through exploratory research and a quantitative survey involving 190 students. The research traces the evolution of e-voting at UPM, assesses user acceptance, and identifies key technical and social barriers. Findings reveal that e-voting streamlines the electoral process and now Putra Voting, reduces logistical costs, and boosts voter turnout. Nevertheless, gaps in digital literacy, concerns over data security, and insufficient pre election briefing undermine student confidence in procedural transparency. The study recommends interactive training modules, independent audit mechanisms, and real time technical support to enhance the system’s effectiveness and inclusivity. These insights offer valuable guidance for other universities considering similar digital election platforms and pave the way for future research on integrating artificial intelligence to bolster system reliability and security.
Naskhah peraturan adat istiadat Raja-Raja Negeri Pahang [P.A.P. 100006732]: Kepentingannya terhadap persuratan rasmi Kesultanan Pahang
Kajian awal ini membuka ruang penelitian yang lebih mendalam terhadap latar belakang ketamadunan, sejarah dan politik Kesultanan Pahang sejak pengasasannya 555 tahun lalu iaitu pada tahun 1470.Kajian ini mencerakin, meneroka dan menelaah kepentingan ‘Peraturan Adat Istiadat Raja-Raja Negeri Pahang’ iaitu sebuah naskhah diraja yang unik kepada Kesultanan Pahang, dikarang pada tahun 1970 menggunakan tulisan Jawi dan Rumi dan diterbitkan oleh Pejabat Adat Istiadat Negeri Pahang pada tahun 1971 atas titah Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Almarhum Sultan Abu Bakar Ri’ayatuddin Al-Mu’adzam Shah, Raja Pemerintah Pahang Ke-32. Manuksrip berkenaam kini berada dalam simpanan Perbadanan Perpustakaan Awam Pahang (P.A.P.) dengan rujukan P.A.P. 100006732 sejak tahun 2004 dan belum pernah dikaji dalam konteks kedudukan undang-undang adat di sisi Perlembagaan Persekutuan dan Undang-undang Tubuh Kerajaan Pahang. Melalui penelitian mendalam secara kualitatif yang menggabungkan analisis kandungan, reka bentuk interpretif dan wawancara, kepentingan naskhah ini dari sudut budaya, tamadaun dan undang-undang terhadap kemandirian dan kemampanan Kesultanan Pahang dapat dijustifikasikan secara pentadbirannya. Sebagai percubaan pertama seumpamanya sehingga kini, kajian ini berjaya menampilkan kejituan P.A.P. 100006732 sebagai sumber rujukan daalam memahami keperluan persuratan rasmi adat istiadat diraja Kesultanan Pahang. This preliminary provides in-depth investigation into the civilisational, historical and political background of the Sultanate of Pahang which was established 556 years ago in 1470. It analyses, explores and reviews the significance of ‘Peraturan Adat Istiadat Raja-Raja Negeri Pahang’ (literally ‘The Ceremonial Regulations for the Rulers of the State of Pahang’), a unique royal document in relation to the Sultanate of Pahang, written in Malay using Arabic and Romanised scripts in 1970 and published by ‘Pejabat Adat Istiadat Negeri Pahang’ (literally ‘Office of Ceremonial Custom of the State of Pahang’) in 1971 by the command of His Royal Highness The Late Sultan Abu Bakar Ri’ayatuddin Al-Mu’adzam Shah, the 32nd Ruler of the State of Pahang. The manuscript, which is currently placed under the custody of Perbadanan Perpustakaan Awam Pahang (P.A.P. – Pahang Public Library Corporation) as P.A.P. 100006732 since 2004 has never been academically analysed in the context of the position of customary law in the Federal Constitution and the Laws of The Constitution of Pahang. Through thorough qualitative investigation that combines content analysis, interpretive design and intervew, the cultural, civilizational and legal importance of this document to the survival and sustainability of the Sultanate of Pahang is administratively jusified. As the first attempt of its kind to date, the study sucessfully establishes P.A.P. 100006732 as a vital source of reference in understanding the neccessity of official documentation of royal ceremonial custom of the Sultanate of Pahang.
Cosmic balance and corporate conduct: An Islamic framework for integrating Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainable Development Goals in Indonesia
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Indonesia occupies a distinctive position at the intersection of statutory obligations, Islamic ethical values, and the global sustainable development agenda. Although Law No. 40 of 2007 and related regulations have transformed CSR from a largely voluntary commitment into a partially mandatory obligation, particularly for natural-resource-based industries, CSR implementation often remains fragmented and philanthropic in orientation. This article argues that maqāṣid al-sharīʿah, the higher objectives of Islamic law, provide a culturally relevant and ethically grounded framework for enhancing the strategic contribution of CSR to sustainable development. Employing a qualitative doctrinal and descriptive approach, the study examines Indonesia’s CSR regulatory framework, Islamic ethical principles, and selected corporate practices. The findings demonstrate a strong alignment between the six objectives of maqāṣid al-sharīʿah—preservation of faith, life, intellect, lineage, wealth, and the environment—and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This alignment offers an integrated framework capable of transforming CSR from a compliance-driven activity into a strategic mechanism for social welfare, environmental stewardship, and inclusive development. The study further proposes a dynamic capability model consisting of sensing, seizing, and transforming capabilities to guide implementation. Future research should empirically evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed framework across different industrial sectors and regional contexts.
Transformasi antroponimi Arab–Melayu dalam konteks identiti dan globalisasi: Satu kajian sorotan onomastik moden (2020–2025)
This study aims to explore the transformation of Arab–Malay anthroponymy in Malaysia within the context of linguistic, religious, and global identity through a systematic review of recent literature (2020–2025). Data were retrieved from Scopus, Web of Science, and institutional repositories, focusing on research concerning naming systems, registration, and Islamic influence in contemporary Malay society. A total of 38 eligible studies were analyzed thematically and bibliometrically. The findings reveal that the Malay naming system stands at a crossroads between Arab-Islamic heritage and modern global influences, including digitalization, social media, and cross-language transliteration. The “bin/binti” element and religious symbolism remain vital identity markers, yet there is a growing trend toward globally oriented and religiously neutral personal names. This review introduces a new conceptual framework, “adaptive onomastics,” to explain how naming practices evolve in response to socio-digital transformations. The study contributes to advancing scholarly discourse on the intersection of language, culture, and identity in modern Malaysian anthroponymy and provides future directions for sociolinguistic and computational name studies. Kajian ini bertujuan menelusuri transformasi antroponimi Arab–Melayu dalam konteks identiti linguistik, agama dan globalisasi di Malaysia berdasarkan pendekatan tinjauan sistematik terhadap literatur terkini (2020–2025). Pemilihan sumber dilakukan menggunakan pangkalan data Scopus, WoS, dan repositori universiti tempatan, dengan penekanan terhadap kajian yang melibatkan sistem penamaan, pendaftaran, dan pengaruh Islam dalam masyarakat Melayu kontemporari. Sebanyak 38 artikel memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan dianalisis menggunakan kaedah tematik dan bibliometrik. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa sistem nama Melayu kini berada pada persimpangan antara warisan Arab-Islam dan pengaruh moden, termasuk faktor digitalisasi, media sosial dan transliterasi rentas bahasa. Elemen “bin/binti” serta simbolisme keagamaan kekal penting sebagai penanda identiti, namun terdapat peningkatan dalam penggunaan nama moden yang bersifat global dan neutral agama. Kajian ini memperkenalkan konsep baharu “onomastik adaptif” bagi menjelaskan keanjalan sistem penamaan dalam menyesuaikan diri terhadap perubahan sosio-digital. Hasil kajian ini diharap memperkukuh wacana ilmiah tentang hubungan antara bahasa, budaya, dan identiti dalam landskap antroponimi Malaysia moden serta membuka ruang kepada penyelidikan lanjut dalam linguistik sosial dan pengkomputeran nama.
MUZIUM DAN USAHA MEMPERKASAKAN ASET SEJARAH ISLAM PAHANG
Memory institutions play a pivotal role in the development of civilizations. According to Margaret Hedstrom (2006), there are three primary memory institutions: libraries, archives, and museums. Within this hierarchy, museums hold the highest priority compared to libraries and archives. This study examines efforts to strengthen the role of the Pahang Museum in empowering Islamic historical assets in the state of Pahang. Ahmad Farid Abd Jalal highlights that certain local historical sources in Pahang remain overlooked. Employing a qualitative approach, this research utilizes literature review and artifact analysis from both primary and secondary sources within the thematic scope of the study. The findings reveal two significant outcomes: first, the Pahang Museum has adopted the philosophy of the “new museum,” which emphasizes the application of critical thinking across all activities. Second, the museum has identified neglected Islamic historical facts. Furthermore, this philosophy has been integrated into two galleries—the Mosque Museum Gallery and the Servitude Gallery. It is anticipated that this study will encourage further scholarly contributions aimed at enhancing and elevating the Islamic historical heritage of Pahang. Institusi memori mempunyai peranan yang sangat signifikan kepada pembangunan sesebuah tamadun. Menurut Margaret Hedstrom 2006, terdapat tiga institusi memori iaitu perpustakaan, arkib dan muzium. Manakala dari segi hirarki keutamaan muzium pada posisi pertama berbanding perpustakaan dan arkib. Fokus kajian ini adalah memperkasakan peranan Muzium Pahang dalam memperkasakan aset sejarah Islam di Negeri Pahang. Menurut Ahmad Farid Abd Jalal, terdapat sumber sejarah tempatan Pahang yang masih diabaikan. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan analisis tinjauan literatur dan analisis artifak sejarah dari sumber pertama dan kedua dalam skop tema kajian. Hasil kajian ini mendapati wujud dua perkara utama, iaitu pertama, Muzium Pahang telah menerima pakai falsafah muzium baru yang menekankan penggunaan pemikiran kritikal dalam kesemua aktiviti. Kedua, Muzium Pahang telah mengenal pasti fakta sejarah Islam yang diabaikan. Seterusnya falsafah muzium baharu turut diterapkan ke dalam dua galeri muzium terbabit iaitu galeri Muzium Masjid dan galeri Kehambaan. Kajian ini dicadangkan dapat menarik perhatian para pengkaji lain untuk menyumbang kajian-kajian seterusnya bagi mempertingkatkan dan memartabatkan aset sejarah Islam Pahang.
Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
PERCEPTIONS AND ATTITUDES OF JAPANESE LANGUAGE LEARNERS AT UNIVERSITI SAINS ISLAM MALAYSIA TOWARDS THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE JAPANESE LANGUAGE COHESION MODULE
Effective speaking is a crucial aspect of language learning, yet many Japanese language learners at the university level struggle with verbal cohesion, which affects their fluency and coherence. This study explores the experiences and perceptions of Japanese language learners at Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) towards the Japanese Language Cohesion Module (JLCM). The research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the module in enhancing speech cohesion, as well as students’ satisfaction and perceived improvements. Employing a mixed-methods design, the study involved learners from the Faculty of Major Language Studies. Quantitative data were collected through pre- and post-tests to assess speaking performance, along with usability surveys to measure usefulness, satisfaction, and ease of use. Qualitative data were obtained from focus group interviews and written reflections to provide deeper insights into students’ learning experiences. The findings revealed notable improvements in students’ use of cohesive devices, topic continuity, and overall speech structure. High levels of satisfaction were reported, with students appreciating the structured and systematic nature of the module. Many also expressed increased confidence and motivation in speaking Japanese. In conclusion, the JLCM proved to be an effective tool for developing verbal proficiency among university learners. Future research is recommended to test the module with a larger and more diverse group.
AI LITERACY BEYOND STEM: RETHINKING TEACHER EDUCATION FOR THE AI ERA
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming education, demanding that educators possess a multidimensional literacy extending beyond technical skills to include affective, behavioural, cognitive, and ethical competencies. This study systematically investigates these four dimensions of AI literacy among 265 pre-service teachers (124 STEM, 141 non-STEM) at Institut Pendidikan Guru Kampus Pendidikan Teknik (IPGKPT) using the validated AI Literacy Questionnaire (AILQ) grounded in the ABCE framework. Results reveal that Ethical Learning (EL) and Affective Learning (AL) scored highest, indicating strong ethical awareness and motivation, while Cognitive Learning (CL) lagged, highlighting a persistent gap in foundational understanding. Notably, independent samples t-tests showed no significant differences between STEM and non-STEM groups in AL and BL, but a moderate advantage for STEM participants in CL and EL. These findings challenge the notion that AI literacy is exclusive to technical fields, underscoring the need for equitable, cross-disciplinary integration of AI literacy within teacher education. Building on previous research, the study identifies a disconnect between awareness and application, particularly in cognitive and behavioural domains. It recommends embedding hands-on, ethics-anchored, and discipline-inclusive AI training into teacher education curricula, aligned with the values of Education 5.0. The study further advocates for institutionalising a comprehensive AI literacy framework as a national competency model, ensuring that future educators are not only AI-literate but also equipped to lead ethical, inclusive, and transformative AI integration in Malaysian classrooms and beyond. This research offers actionable recommendations for curriculum reform and policy, aiming to empower educators with agency, adaptability, and ethical judgment in post-pandemic learning environments.
CURRICULUM REFORM IN ISLAMIC EDUCATION: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF INTEGRATING CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS TO COMBAT EXTREMISM AND PROMOTE MODERATE ISLAM
The rise of religious extremism and radicalization has prompted urgent discussions about the role of Islamic education in promoting moderate interpretations of Islam. Traditional Islamic education systems often emphasize memorization and acceptance of religious texts without encouraging critical analysis, potentially creating vulnerability to extremist interpretations. This study critically analyzes the integration of critical thinking skills into Islamic education curricula as a strategy to combat extremism and promote moderate Islamic values. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining systematic literature review of 45 peer-reviewed articles (2020-2024), qualitative interviews with 30 Islamic education practitioners across 8 countries, and quantitative analysis of curriculum frameworks from 25 Islamic educational institutions. The analysis revealed that institutions integrating critical thinking skills showed 34% higher rates of students demonstrating moderate religious interpretations compared to traditional approaches. Key factors include contextualized Quranic interpretation (tafsir), interdisciplinary learning approaches, and teacher training in critical pedagogy. However, implementation faces significant challenges including resistance from conservative stakeholders (67% of institutions), inadequate teacher preparation (78%), and lack of appropriate instructional materials (82%). Strategic integration of critical thinking skills in Islamic education curricula can effectively promote moderate Islam and resilience against extremist narratives. Success requires comprehensive teacher training, stakeholder engagement, and culturally sensitive pedagogical approaches that respect Islamic scholarly traditions while encouraging analytical thinking.
INSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVE ON INVESTMENT IN SAFETY AND HEALTH: AN ETHICAL IMPERATIVE IN LIGHT OF ISLAMIC TEACHINGS ON HUMAN WELFARE AND PROTECTION
The Maqasid al-Shariah (objectives of Islamic jurisprudence) emphasizes the preservation of five essential elements of human well-being, known as ad-dharuriyyat al-khams, including the protection of life (Hifz al-Nafs) and property (Hifz al-Mal). These principles align directly with the primary objective of occupational safety and health (OSH) management, which is to safeguard individuals and organizational assets from harm. Ensuring workplace safety is vital where risks are elevated. A strong safety culture requires a holistic strategy encompassing organizational, technological, human, and external factors. However, safety initiatives often face budgetary constraints, leading to underinvestment in OSH. This cross-sectional study investigates how organizations approach OSH investment and the interdependencies among influencing factors. Data were gathered through semi-quantitative surveys with Administrative Officers and Technical Heads of one of the public Higher Learning Institutions (HLIs), who are in charge and responsible for budget projection. These data are analyzed using the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method. Findings revealed that management commitment is the most critical factor, significantly impacting communication, procedural compliance, and legal adherence. The study underscores the importance of leadership, adequate funding, and standardized safety practices. Effective management fulfills not only organizational objectives but also the ethical and spiritual imperatives of Islamic law by protecting human life and property.
Kearifan tempatan dalam memperkaya citra kesenian di Negeri Pahang
Pahang is a state in Malaysia that renowned with customs and cultural heritage. In an era of globalization, the young generations are not really interested to explore the legacy heritage that inherited by ancestors. Hence, the objective of this study is to analyse the uniqueness of arts’ legacy that inherited by Pahang’s local people. This research employs a qualitative research design primarily through library research data collection. The data obtained from secondary sources such as articles’ journal, trusted websites, and digital newspapers. The collected data is analysed through inductive analysis. The analysis indicates the artistic heritage that has been preserved across generations possesses its own distinctive uniqueness and reflects a high level of intellectual sophistication in manifesting the artistic outputs. These include the Royal Pahang Weaving (Tenun Pahang Diraja), renowned for its aesthetic and cultural significance; a variety of Pahang’s numerous heritage cuisine; hand-drawn batik featuring Islamic motifs; the distinctive craftsmanship of the traditional perahu jalur boats; traditional Pahang music; and the art of terenang pottery-making, well known by its intricate designs rooted in local wisdom. This research aspires to contribute to existing academic sources and, more importantly, to cultivate interest among the younger generation in valuing and preserving Pahang’s artistic heritage in the future. Negeri Pahang merupakan sebuah negeri yang kaya dengan adat resam dan warisan budaya. Dalam era globalisasi ini, generasi muda semakin kurang berminat untuk menelusuri legasi warisan nenek moyang yang telah diwariskan. Oleh itu, objektif kajian ini adalah untuk menganalisis keunikan legasi kesenian yang diwarisi oleh masyarakat tempatan di negeri Pahang. Kajian ini menggunakan reka bentuk kajian kualitatif, terutamanya melalui pengumpulan data kajian kepustakaan. Data telah diperoleh daripada sumber-sumber sekunder seperti artikel jurnal, laman sesawang yang boleh dipercayai dan akhbar-akhbar digital. Data-data yang telah dikumpulkan telah dianalisis melalui analisis secara induktif. Analisis telah menunjukkan bahawa citra kesenian yang telah diwarisi daripada sejak berzaman mempunyai keunikan tersendiri dan melambangkan tahap keintelektualan yang tinggi dalam merekayasa hasil produk kesenian. Antaranya, Tenun Pahang Diraja yang kaya dengan nilai estetika, kepelbagaian makanan warisan Pahang batik lukis bermotifkan unsur Islamik, seni pertukangan perahu jalur yang mempunyai keunikan tersendiri, muzik tradisional Pahang serta seni pembuatan tembikar terenang yang terkenal dengan seni halus bercirikan motif tempatan. Penulisan ini diharapkan dapat menambah sumber rujukan yang sedia ada, dan yang utama dapat menyemai minat dalam kalangan generasi muda untuk terus menghargai dan memelihara warisan kesenian Pahang di masa hadapan
TEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF TOURISM SERVICE BUSINESS ACTIVITY IN A SMALL COASTAL TOWN OF MALAYSIA
Small coastal towns often rely on service-based economies that shift with tourism demand and local community needs. While this dual dependence sustains livelihoods and attracts visitors, it also introduces vulnerabilities such as seasonal fluctuations, overreliance on weekend tourism, and unequal benefits for residents. Despite their importance, the temporal dynamics of service business activity in such towns remain underexplored, particularly in emerging economies where tourism and local services drive development. This study examines the temporal patterns of service businesses in Sedili Besar, Malaysia. Quantitative data were gathered through questionnaire-guided interviews with operators across food and beverage, tourism, retail, and financial services. Results reveal a strong weekday–weekend contrast: weekdays are dominated by essential services for locals, whereas weekends see surges in tourism-related businesses such as restaurants, accommodation, and recreation. The findings highlight a hybrid livelihood model where resident needs and visitor demand coexist but remain unevenly distributed across time. Heavy reliance on tourism-driven weekend activity heightens economic vulnerability, particularly during disruptions to visitor flows. This study contributes to small-town development research by underscoring temporal dynamics in shaping service economies and offers policy insights on balancing tourism growth with essential services that support community well-being.
An Islamic ethical framework for artificial intelligence and sedation in critical care: A Maqasid al-Shariah–based approach
The rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in critical care sedation introduces complex ethical dilemmas that intersect with Islamic bioethics. The integration of AI into intensive care sedation management has redefined how clinicians monitor, modulate, and maintain states of unconsciousness. As AI becomes increasingly integrated into intensive care units (ICUs), particularly in the modulation of sedation, profound ethical and theological questions arise, especially for Muslim patients and physicians. This paper critically examines the implications of AI-driven sedation management in critical care through the lens of Islamic bioethics. The Islamic ethical framework showed AI-driven sedation protocols address autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice through the lens of Sharia (Islamic law) and Maqasid al-Sharia (the higher objectives of Islamic law). It looks at how Islamic values like niyyah (intention), amanah (trust), and hurmat al-insan (the importance of human life) can help ensure that AI technologies used for sedation respect patients' awareness, dignity, and readiness for the end of life. Drawing from Maqasid al-Sharia, this manuscript presents a theologically grounded critique of sedation algorithms that risk depersonalising care. It proposes a beautiful framework for integrating Islamic spiritual values with emerging sedation technologies, ensuring that human dignity and divine accountability remain central in AI-assisted ICU care.
THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, DIGITAL COMPETENCIES, AND ENTREPRENEURIAL COMPETENCIES ON B40 WOMEN'S SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS PERFORMANCE
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed the way businesses operate and the field of digital marketing. AI tools offer several benefits for digital marketers, making them a prevailing tool for businesses to achieve their marketing goals. This study aims to examine the impact of AI marketing on the performance of micro businesses. Second, it is to observe the mediating effect of digital and entrepreneurial competencies on the relationship between AI adoption and business performance. A cross-sectional quantitative design was employed, and questionnaires were distributed to 300 B40 women entrepreneurs. A final valid dataset of 235 respondents was analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method. The study results display the direct effects of AI adoption, digital competencies, and sustainable business performance. Then, digital and entrepreneurial competencies mediate the relationship between AI adoption and sustainable business performance. The implications of these findings suggest that the systematic development of skills and knowledge, as well as the strategic deployment of AI and technologies, should be a priority for entrepreneurs seeking to improve performance and preserve a competitive edge in an ever-evolving market and industry.
EDGE OF TRADITIONAL PADDY CULTURE OF KAMPUNG TUBIH MAWANG, ITS CHALLENGES AND CULTURAL VALUES
Kampung Tubih Mawang is one of the most valuable in cultural identity and rich in traditional paddy farming in Sarawak. Among various agricultural practices, paddy cultivation has gained greater importance due to the region's local conditions, climate and culture. This study utilizes related global resources, newsletters, academic articles database and field tour to draw on the values of traditional paddy farming culture and unexplored challenges. The current study aimed to document and report challenges that could be prominence in the local village on the uniqueness of paddy cultivation in the village. Some categorized surveys of challenges in the village were documented, including manpower, pest control, post-harvest drying and dam irrigation issues. Preserving indigenous values is becoming increasingly important, considering the growing emphasis on sustainable cultural practices within the village. The survey results in our study have widened the perception of the need to enrich the paddy farming practices not merely for heredity but also for village implications intended to conserve indigenous values.
PROTECTING ORIGIN AND CULTURE: GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATONS IN MALAYSIA, INDONESIA AND THAILAND
This article interrogates how Geographical Indications (GIs) can function as juridical devices for protecting origin-linked products and sustaining cultural practices in Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand. Anchored in a doctrinal-comparative approach, it addresses three research problems: (i) whether existing GI statutes and subsidiary instruments adequately secure the interests of indigenous and local communities; (ii) what structural and institutional asymmetries persist in registration, governance, and enforcement; and (iii) how far ASEAN-level coordination of GI standards can be pursued without eroding plural legal and cultural orders. Drawing on positivist legal analysis, complemented by critical postcolonial insights, the study examines legislative texts, administrative practice, and reported disputes to trace the evolution of GI regimes and their socio-legal effects in rural and agrarian economies. The inclusion of Thailand alongside Malaysia and Indonesia renders a more differentiated understanding of regional trajectories and the strategic uses of GIs by state and non-state actors. The analysis suggests that GIs retain significant potential to facilitate economic redress and cultural endurance but that their implementation remains uneven, with benefits often captured by powerful intermediaries rather than small-scale producers. Regulatory lacunae, fragile enforcement, and constrained community participation reinforce these imbalances. The article concludes by advancing proposals for calibrated reform, including plurilateral ASEAN policy alignment, community-driven certification architectures, and rights-based safeguards, to recalibrate GI law as a more equitable mechanism for the protection of origin and culture within the region.
THREE PILLARS AS NEW STRATEGY TO CURB CORRUPTION IN PUBLIC PROCUREMENT IN MALAYSIA
Public procurement in Malaysia remains a major avenue for corruption despite existing legal frameworks and digital reforms. This study investigates the necessity for new governmental strategies by analysing three core dimensions: the effectiveness of current laws and procedures, the role of human values and ethics, and the integration of emerging technologies. Using qualitative methods, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 15 experts and 7 incarcerated individuals involved in procurement-related offences. These primary findings were supported by secondary data from selected Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission case files. Ethical clearance was obtained, ensuring participant confidentiality, informed consent, and voluntary participation. The study adhered to strict ethical protocols to enhance the credibility and trustworthiness of the data. Findings reveal a critical need for reforms in legislative enforcement, governance culture, and digital infrastructure. Specifically, weaknesses in law implementation, ethical breaches among procurement actors, and the slow adoption of digital monitoring tools were identified as persistent vulnerabilities. The analysis underscores the urgency of a holistic and sustainable anti-corruption strategy based on three interrelated pillars: strengthening legal frameworks, cultivating ethical leadership and values, and leveraging digital technologies and data analytics. The study recommends that these pillars form the basis of a new, adaptive strategy to effectively curb and combat corruption in public procurement. A cross-sectoral commitment involving government, civil society, and digital innovation is vital to build resilience against corruption and promote integrity within Malaysia’s procurement system.
INFLUENCER ENDORSEMENTS: HOW BRAND AWARENESS AFFECTS FOLLOWERS’ PURCHASE INTENTION ON SOCIAL MEDIA
Social media influencers are first explored in the advertising field, particularly to create buzz in the markets and further expand social media coverage in businesses. This study is designed to investigate whether influencers’ endorsement can mediate the relationship between brand awareness and purchase intention among social media followers in Selangor, Malaysia. This study was hinged on the Source Credibility Theory. Using a survey research method, a structured questionnaire was administered among 389 social media (such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and TikTok) followers in Selangor with experience in purchasing products/services after watching or browsing social medias endorsed by an influencer. The findings revealed that majority of followers’ purchase intention was moderately affected by the social media influencers. Furthermore, influencers’ endorsement has a stronger influence on purchase intention, and brand awareness does not have an influence on purchase intention. In addition, influencers’ endorsement has a mediation role on the relationship between brand awareness and purchase intention. It was concluded that influencers’ endorsement might be a more important construct than brand awareness and perhaps, followers develop a purchase intention when the social media post stated an '#sponsored' '#ad'. It was recommended that companies should ascertain the endorsement of social media influencers whose services would be employed in order to enhance positive perception about product promotion among the social media followers.
VEILED EMPOWERMENT: THE BAJU KURUNG AS AN ISLAMIC SYMBOL OF MODESTY, FEMININITY, AND MALAY WOMEN’S AGENCY IN MALAYSIA
This study examines how Islamic values influence the design and symbolism of Baju Kurung, a Malay traditional dress, in negotiating modesty, femininity, and women's empowerment in Malaysia. Within Third World feminism and Islamic cultural identity, the research bridges the gap in academic literature that tends to marginalize non-Western expressions of agency through dress. Approaching it qualitatively, the study employs textual interpretation of literature from the past in the form of Ibu Zain's writing and cultural discourse analysis of elements of customary designs and their meaning. The findings prove that Baju Kurung is more than a piece of clothing; it is a socio-religious symbol reflecting decency values, spiritual devoutness, and national identity values. Islamic beauty with loose figures, non-revealing shapes, and symbolic cutting—are central to the means by which Malay women negotiate both femininity and religion. The study contributes to Islamic fashion studies and postcolonial feminist studies in offering Baju Kurung as veiled empowerment, countering Westernized presumptions on dress, freedom, and female agency in Muslim worlds.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL 4 TOWARDS GOLDEN INDONESIA: CROSS-BORDER EDUCATION
This study explores the importance of balancing hard skills, soft skills, and trends in educational technology innovation in cross-border education to support the ability to adapt to new environments. This study, using document and conceptual analysis. Indonesia implements the concept of cross-border education for Sustainable Development Goal of four through two programs: student exchange and student exchange between ASEAN countries. This program implementation emphasizes the importance of educational institutions in developing soft skills, improving hard skills, and broadening insights into technological trends in education. The higher education curriculum in Indonesia is expected to meet the needs of the labor market with the need for soft skills of 80%, hard skills of twenty per cent and technological trends and innovation for career success. This study identifies various challenges in the implementation of cross-border education in Indonesia, such as the still minimal weight of soft skills in the university curriculum and there are still many obstacles in technological trends and educational innovations, such as the gap in access to technology, digital skills of teachers and education personnel and the availability of quality learning materials. Educational facilities related to technology and educational innovation in Indonesia still need to be perfectly distributed.
REAKSI PEMIMPIN POLITIK DAN BRITISH DI TANAH MELAYU TERHADAP REVOLUSI SOSIAL SUMATERA TIMUR, 1946-1957
This study examines the reactions of Malay political leaders and the British administration in Malaya to the Social Revolution of East Sumatra, a radical movement after World War II that saw the removal of the aristocratic class and the formation of a new political power in East Sumatra. The revolution that occurred indirectly influenced the struggle for independence in Malaya, which became increasingly aggressive until the 1950s. The reactions of Malay political leaders to the revolution encompassed various aspects, especially after being given attention by left-wing parties. The situation influenced political developments in Malaya, which subsequently became a threat to the British, causing the colonial power to organize actions to control political developments in this country. This study uses primary sources obtained from the National Archive, Kew and the National Archives of Malaysia such as records from the Foreign Office (FO), Colonial Office (CO) and reports from the British Ministry of Defence (DEFE) as the main sources for writing the study. The findings of this study summarize that the Social Revolution that occurred in East Sumatra influenced political developments in Malaya. This caused Malayan political leaders, especially from UMNO and left-wing parties, to react to the conflict. However, the reactions from the two parties differed because of their own party ideologies. In addition, the findings of this study also detail the British reaction to political developments in Malaya, especially regarding the influence of the revolution among political leaders in the country. This study provides new understanding of the development of inclusive politics involving the development of Malayan nationalism in the early days of independence. Kajian ini meneliti reaksi pemimpin politik Melayu serta pentadbiran British di Tanah Melayu terhadap Revolusi Sosial Sumatera Timur, iaitu gerakan radikal pasca Perang Dunia Kedua yang menyaksikan penyingkiran golongan aristokrat serta pembentukan kuasa politik baharu di Sumatera Timur. Revolusi yang berlaku itu secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi perjuangan kemerdekaan Tanah Melayu yang semakin agresif sehingga 1950-an. Reaksi pemimpin politik Melayu terhadap revolusi tersebut merangkumi pelbagai aspek, terutamanya setelah diberi perhatian oleh parti haluan kiri. Situasi tersebut mempengaruhi perkembangan politik di Tanah Melayu, seterusnya menjadi ancaman terhadap British sehingga menyebabkan kuasa kolonial tersebut menyusun tindakan bagi mengawal perkembangan politik di negara ini. Kajian ini menggunakan sumber primer yang diperoleh dari National Archive, Kew dan Arkib Negara Malaysia seperti rekod dari Foreign Office (FO), Colonial Office (CO) dan laporan Kementerian Pertahanan Britain (DEFE) sebagai sumber utama untuk penulisan kajian. Dapatan kajian ini merumuskan Revolusi Sosial yang berlaku di Sumatera Timur mempengaruhi perkembangan politik di Tanah Melayu. Perkara ini menyebabkan pemimpin politik Tanah Melayu, terutamanya dari UMNO dan parti haluan kiri memberi reaksi terhadap konflik tersebut. Walau bagaimanapun, reaksi dari kedua-dua parti tersebut berbeza kerana ideologi parti tersendiri. Selain itu, dapatan kajian ini turut memperincikan reaksi British terhadap perkembangan politik di Tanah Melayu, terutamanya mengenai pengaruh dari revolusi tersebut dalam kalangan pemimpin politik di negara ini. Kajian ini memberi pemahaman baharu terhadap perkembangan politik inklusif yang melibatkan perkembangan nasionalisme Tanah Melayu pada awal kemerdekaan.
TADBIR URUS WAKAF DI PAHANG: POTENSI DAN CABARAN
Waqf is an Islamic economic instrument with great potential in the socio-economic development of the Muslim community. In Malaysia, the management of waqf falls under the jurisdiction of the State Islamic Religious Councils (SIRCs), including in the state of Pahang, which is managed by the Pahang Islamic Religious and Malay Customs Council (MUIP). Despite various efforts to strengthen waqf institutions, issues such as transparency, administrative efficiency, limited human resources, and imbalanced development of waqf assets remain significant challenges. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore waqf governance in Pahang, managed by MUIP. The main focus of the study is to identify the potentials that can be harnessed through systematic waqf management and the challenges faced in ensuring the effectiveness and sustainability of waqf in Pahang. This study adopts a qualitative approach through interviews and document analysis. The collected data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings reveal that MUIP has integrated the functions of waqf, baitulmal, and investment within a single administration to strengthen financial resources and waqf asset management. Among the main potentials identified are the use of online system technology for cash waqf collection, user-friendly approaches, flexible governance structures and the establishment of the Pahang Waqf Enactment 2022 (Enactment 29). However, several challenges persist, including a lack of skilled human resources, limited funding, legal constraints, and difficulties in developing non-strategic waqf lands. Therefore, it is essential to strengthen the institutional capacity of waqf, implement waqf education among the public and evaluate the effectiveness of existing policies. This study is expected to serve as a reference for policymakers, researchers and practitioners in shaping a sustainable and inclusive waqf governance ecosystem in Malaysia, particularly in the state of Pahang. Wakaf merupakan instrumen ekonomi Islam yang berpotensi besar dalam pembangunan sosioekonomi umat Islam. Di Malaysia, pengurusan wakaf tertakluk di bawah kuasa Majlis Agama Islam Negeri (MAIN), termasuklah di negeri Pahang yang dikendalikan oleh Majlis Ugama Islam dan Adat Resam Melayu Pahang (MUIP). Walaupun pelbagai usaha telah dilakukan bagi memperkasakan institusi wakaf, isu ketelusan, kecekapan pentadbiran, kekangan sumber manusia serta ketidakseimbangan pembangunan aset wakaf masih menjadi cabaran utama. Justeru, kajian ini dijalankan untuk meneroka tadbir urus wakaf di Pahang yang diuruskan oleh Majlis Ugama Islam dan Adat Resam Melayu Pahang (MUIP). Fokus utama kajian adalah untuk mengenal pasti potensi yang boleh dimanfaatkan melalui pengurusan wakaf secara sistematik serta cabaran-cabaran yang dihadapi dalam memastikan keberkesanan dan kelestarian wakaf di Pahang. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui temu bual dan analisis dokumen. Data-data yang diperolehi dianalisis menggunakan kaedah analisis tematik. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa MUIP telah mengintegrasikan fungsi wakaf, baitulmal dan pelaburan dalam satu pentadbiran bagi memperkukuh sumber kewangan dan pengurusan aset wakaf. Antara potensi utama yang dikenal pasti ialah penggunaan teknologi sistem dalam talian untuk kutipan wakaf tunai, pendekatan mesra pengguna, struktur tadbir urus yang fleksibel dan penubuhan Enakmen Wakaf Pahang 2022 (Enakmen 29). Namun begitu, beberapa cabaran turut wujud, termasuk kekurangan sumber manusia berkemahiran, keterbatasan dana, kekangan perundangan dan kesukaran membangunkan tanah wakaf yang tidak strategik. Oleh itu, pemerkasaan kapasiti institusi wakaf, pelaksanaan pendidikan wakaf dalam kalangan masyarakat, serta penilaian keberkesanan dasar sedia ada perlu diberi penekanan. Kajian ini diharap dapat menjadi rujukan kepada penggubal dasar, pengkaji dan pengamal dalam membentuk ekosistem pengurusan wakaf yang mampan dan inklusif di Malaysia, khususnya di negeri Pahang.
HALAL RETAIL GOVERNANCE THROUGH MS2400-3:2019: STRUCTURE, IMPLEMENTATION, AND GLOBAL BENCHMARKS
This paper explores the implementation and strategic potential of MS2400-3:2019, Malaysia’s halal retail supply chain standard, in response to growing demands for transparent and integrated halal governance. It aims to critically assess the standard’s structural composition, practical applicability, and global relevance in the context of modern halal retailing. Employing a qualitative methodology, the study applies thematic content analysis to academic literature, regulatory frameworks, and international benchmarks. The findings suggest that, although MS2400-3:2019 offers a comprehensive model aligned with Shariah principles and quality management systems, its adoption remains constrained by operational hurdles, a shortage of skilled personnel, and ambiguity surrounding return on investment. Benchmarking against halal governance systems in Indonesia, Brunei, the UAE, and Japan highlights Malaysia’s role as an innovator in halal supply chains, while also revealing notable deficiencies in implementation support and incentive mechanisms. The study puts forward practical recommendations to overcome these challenges, emphasizing the need for stronger policy coherence, stakeholder involvement, and technological integration. By pinpointing strategic shortcomings and proposing focused improvements, the paper contributes to advancing halal retail governance and reinforces Malaysia’s aspirations to lead in global halal certification and compliance.
DILEMA DAN HARAPAN: FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENERIMAAN GURU TADIKA TERHADAP KANAK-KANAK BERKEPERLUAN KHAS
The acceptance of preschool teachers towards children with special needs plays a crucial role in the successful implementation of inclusive education. However, various challenges such as lack of knowledge, social stigma, and limited resources and support have affected teachers' acceptance and teaching effectiveness. This study aims to explore the factors influencing teachers' acceptance. Using a literature review approach, this study analyzes various factors contributing to teachers' acceptance or the challenges they face in inclusive education. The findings indicate that interventions involving government policies, continuous training, transdisciplinary collaboration, and strengthening parental roles in inclusive education can enhance teachers' acceptance of children with special needs. Therefore, integrated support from policymakers, educational institutions, and the community is essential to empower teachers in creating an inclusive and responsive learning environment for students with special needs. Penerimaan guru tadika terhadap kanak-kanak berkeperluan khas memainkan peranan penting dalam kejayaan pelaksanaan pendidikan inklusif. Namun, pelbagai cabaran seperti kekurangan pengetahuan, stigma sosial, serta keterbatasan sumber dan sokongan telah menjejaskan penerimaan dan keberkesanan pengajaran guru. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meneroka faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penerimaan guru. Dengan menggunakan kaedah tinjauan literatur, kajian ini menganalisis pelbagai faktor yang menyumbang kepada penerimaan atau cabaran yang dihadapi oleh guru dalam pendidikan inklusif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa intervensi yang melibatkan dasar kerajaan, latihan berterusan, kolaborasi transdisiplin, dan pengukuhan peranan ibu bapa dalam pendidikan inklusif dapat meningkatkan penerimaan guru terhadap kanak-kanak berkeperluan khas. Oleh itu, sokongan bersepadu daripada pembuat dasar, institusi pendidikan, dan masyarakat diperlukan bagi memperkasakan guru dalam menyediakan persekitaran pembelajaran yang inklusif dan responsif terhadap keperluan murid berkeperluan khas.
EMOTIONAL TRANSFORMATION THROUGH THE EFFECTS OF SOMATIC THERAPY TECHNIQUES IN REDUCING DEPRESSION AMONG STUDENTS OF SKILL TRAINING INSTITUTIONS
Depression among students of higher education institutions is an increasingly worrying issue, with negative effects on mental well-being and academic performance. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of somatic therapy techniques in reducing depression levels and improving students' emotional well-being. Somatic therapy focuses on the relationship between the body and emotions through movement, breathing, and body awareness techniques to reduce psychological stress. This study uses quantitative and qualitative approaches, involving a sample of students with mild to moderate depressive symptoms. Data were collected through questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and behavioral observations before and after an eight-week somatic therapy intervention. The results of the study showed a significant decrease in participants' depression levels, increased emotional awareness, and increased ability to control stress. Somatic therapy was found to be an easy-to-practice and effective method in reducing depression. This study suggests that somatic therapy should be made part of mental health intervention strategies in higher technical education institutions.
APLIKASI MODEL KAUNSELING AL-GHAZALI DALAM KALANGAN GURU BIMBINGAN DAN KAUNSELING
This study examines the application of al-Ghazali’s counseling model among Guidance and Counseling Teachers in Malaysia. Utilizing a multi-site case study approach, this research evaluates the extent to which al-Ghazali’s tazkiyah al-nafs (spiritual purification) model is implemented in counseling interventions, particularly in addressing students’ psychospiritual issues. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 19 Muslim counselors and analyzed thematically using NVivo 12. The findings revealed four key themes: (1) initiating sessions with intention, supplication, and goal setting, (2) identifying root causes of issues through the lens of worship practices and spiritual well-being, (3) spiritual interventions focused on strengthening religious practices and self-reflection, and (4) assessing therapeutic outcomes through behavioral changes and commitment to religious practices. The study demonstrates that a standalone Islamic counseling model based on Al-Ghazali’s framework offers a comprehensive approach integrating emotional, cognitive, and spiritual dimensions to enhance students' psychological well-being. The study’s implications highlight the necessity for intensive training for counselors in mastering tazkiyah al-nafs techniques and the need for a standardized procedural manual to enhance the implementation of Islamic counseling in schools. This research contributes to the literature on value-based Islamic counseling and provides an alternative psychospiritual intervention model for modern education. Kajian ini menganalisis aplikasi model kaunseling al-Ghazali dalam kalangan Guru Bimbingan dan Kaunseling di Malaysia. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kajian kes pelbagai lokasi, kajian ini menilai sejauh mana model tazkiyah al-nafs al-Ghazali diterapkan dalam intervensi kaunseling, khususnya dalam menangani isu psiko spiritual pelajar. Kaedah temu bual separa berstruktur dengan 19 orang kaunselor Muslim digunakan bagi memperoleh data empirikal, yang dianalisis secara tematik menggunakan perisian NVivo 12. Hasil kajian menunjukkan empat tema terhasil: (1) sesi dimulakan dengan niat, zikir, dan penetapan matlamat, (2) identifikasi punca masalah melalui aspek ibadah dan hati, (3) rawatan spiritual berasaskan peningkatan ibadah dan refleksi kendiri, serta (4) penilaian kesan terapi melalui perubahan tingkah laku dan komitmen terhadap ibadah. Dapatan kajian membuktikan bahawa kaunseling Islam tunggal berdasarkan model al-Ghazali dapat memberikan pendekatan menyeluruh yang merangkumi aspek emosi, kognitif, dan spiritual bagi meningkatkan kesejahteraan psikologi pelajar. Implikasi kajian menekankan keperluan latihan intensif bagi kaunselor dalam menguasai teknik penyucian jiwa (tazkiyah al-nafs) serta keperluan manual prosedur standard bagi memperkasa pelaksanaan kaunseling Islam di sekolah. Kajian ini menyumbang kepada literatur kaunseling berteraskan nilai Islam dan menawarkan alternatif model intervensi psiko spiritual dalam pendidikan moden.