International Journal of Humanities Technology and Civilization
The Centre for Human Sciences publishes the IJHTC, an open access, peer-reviewed and refereed journal. IJHTC's main goal is to provide an intellectual platform for international scholars to share their knowledge. The goal of the IJHTC is to encourage interdisciplinary research in the humanities and social sciences. Research papers in the fields of Islamic studies, humanities technology, political studies, ethnic relations, technology management, communication and languages, technopreneurship, co-curriculum, education, culture, literature, arts, civilizations, religions, psychology and sociology, soft skills, leadership, values, and patriotism are published in the journal. IJHTC is indexed by Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Index Copernicus International (ICI), Malaysia Citation Index (MyCite).
Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah Press
MUZIUM DAN USAHA MEMPERKASAKAN ASET SEJARAH ISLAM PAHANG
Memory institutions play a pivotal role in the development of civilizations. According to Margaret Hedstrom (2006), there are three primary memory institutions: libraries, archives, and museums. Within this hierarchy, museums hold the highest priority compared to libraries and archives. This study examines efforts to strengthen the role of the Pahang Museum in empowering Islamic historical assets in the state of Pahang. Ahmad Farid Abd Jalal highlights that certain local historical sources in Pahang remain overlooked. Employing a qualitative approach, this research utilizes literature review and artifact analysis from both primary and secondary sources within the thematic scope of the study. The findings reveal two significant outcomes: first, the Pahang Museum has adopted the philosophy of the “new museum,” which emphasizes the application of critical thinking across all activities. Second, the museum has identified neglected Islamic historical facts. Furthermore, this philosophy has been integrated into two galleries—the Mosque Museum Gallery and the Servitude Gallery. It is anticipated that this study will encourage further scholarly contributions aimed at enhancing and elevating the Islamic historical heritage of Pahang. Institusi memori mempunyai peranan yang sangat signifikan kepada pembangunan sesebuah tamadun. Menurut Margaret Hedstrom 2006, terdapat tiga institusi memori iaitu perpustakaan, arkib dan muzium. Manakala dari segi hirarki keutamaan muzium pada posisi pertama berbanding perpustakaan dan arkib. Fokus kajian ini adalah memperkasakan peranan Muzium Pahang dalam memperkasakan aset sejarah Islam di Negeri Pahang. Menurut Ahmad Farid Abd Jalal, terdapat sumber sejarah tempatan Pahang yang masih diabaikan. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan analisis tinjauan literatur dan analisis artifak sejarah dari sumber pertama dan kedua dalam skop tema kajian. Hasil kajian ini mendapati wujud dua perkara utama, iaitu pertama, Muzium Pahang telah menerima pakai falsafah muzium baru yang menekankan penggunaan pemikiran kritikal dalam kesemua aktiviti. Kedua, Muzium Pahang telah mengenal pasti fakta sejarah Islam yang diabaikan. Seterusnya falsafah muzium baharu turut diterapkan ke dalam dua galeri muzium terbabit iaitu galeri Muzium Masjid dan galeri Kehambaan. Kajian ini dicadangkan dapat menarik perhatian para pengkaji lain untuk menyumbang kajian-kajian seterusnya bagi mempertingkatkan dan memartabatkan aset sejarah Islam Pahang.
Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
PERCEPTIONS AND ATTITUDES OF JAPANESE LANGUAGE LEARNERS AT UNIVERSITI SAINS ISLAM MALAYSIA TOWARDS THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE JAPANESE LANGUAGE COHESION MODULE
Effective speaking is a crucial aspect of language learning, yet many Japanese language learners at the university level struggle with verbal cohesion, which affects their fluency and coherence. This study explores the experiences and perceptions of Japanese language learners at Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) towards the Japanese Language Cohesion Module (JLCM). The research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the module in enhancing speech cohesion, as well as students’ satisfaction and perceived improvements. Employing a mixed-methods design, the study involved learners from the Faculty of Major Language Studies. Quantitative data were collected through pre- and post-tests to assess speaking performance, along with usability surveys to measure usefulness, satisfaction, and ease of use. Qualitative data were obtained from focus group interviews and written reflections to provide deeper insights into students’ learning experiences. The findings revealed notable improvements in students’ use of cohesive devices, topic continuity, and overall speech structure. High levels of satisfaction were reported, with students appreciating the structured and systematic nature of the module. Many also expressed increased confidence and motivation in speaking Japanese. In conclusion, the JLCM proved to be an effective tool for developing verbal proficiency among university learners. Future research is recommended to test the module with a larger and more diverse group.
AI LITERACY BEYOND STEM: RETHINKING TEACHER EDUCATION FOR THE AI ERA
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming education, demanding that educators possess a multidimensional literacy extending beyond technical skills to include affective, behavioural, cognitive, and ethical competencies. This study systematically investigates these four dimensions of AI literacy among 265 pre-service teachers (124 STEM, 141 non-STEM) at Institut Pendidikan Guru Kampus Pendidikan Teknik (IPGKPT) using the validated AI Literacy Questionnaire (AILQ) grounded in the ABCE framework. Results reveal that Ethical Learning (EL) and Affective Learning (AL) scored highest, indicating strong ethical awareness and motivation, while Cognitive Learning (CL) lagged, highlighting a persistent gap in foundational understanding. Notably, independent samples t-tests showed no significant differences between STEM and non-STEM groups in AL and BL, but a moderate advantage for STEM participants in CL and EL. These findings challenge the notion that AI literacy is exclusive to technical fields, underscoring the need for equitable, cross-disciplinary integration of AI literacy within teacher education. Building on previous research, the study identifies a disconnect between awareness and application, particularly in cognitive and behavioural domains. It recommends embedding hands-on, ethics-anchored, and discipline-inclusive AI training into teacher education curricula, aligned with the values of Education 5.0. The study further advocates for institutionalising a comprehensive AI literacy framework as a national competency model, ensuring that future educators are not only AI-literate but also equipped to lead ethical, inclusive, and transformative AI integration in Malaysian classrooms and beyond. This research offers actionable recommendations for curriculum reform and policy, aiming to empower educators with agency, adaptability, and ethical judgment in post-pandemic learning environments.
CURRICULUM REFORM IN ISLAMIC EDUCATION: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF INTEGRATING CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS TO COMBAT EXTREMISM AND PROMOTE MODERATE ISLAM
The rise of religious extremism and radicalization has prompted urgent discussions about the role of Islamic education in promoting moderate interpretations of Islam. Traditional Islamic education systems often emphasize memorization and acceptance of religious texts without encouraging critical analysis, potentially creating vulnerability to extremist interpretations. This study critically analyzes the integration of critical thinking skills into Islamic education curricula as a strategy to combat extremism and promote moderate Islamic values. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining systematic literature review of 45 peer-reviewed articles (2020-2024), qualitative interviews with 30 Islamic education practitioners across 8 countries, and quantitative analysis of curriculum frameworks from 25 Islamic educational institutions. The analysis revealed that institutions integrating critical thinking skills showed 34% higher rates of students demonstrating moderate religious interpretations compared to traditional approaches. Key factors include contextualized Quranic interpretation (tafsir), interdisciplinary learning approaches, and teacher training in critical pedagogy. However, implementation faces significant challenges including resistance from conservative stakeholders (67% of institutions), inadequate teacher preparation (78%), and lack of appropriate instructional materials (82%). Strategic integration of critical thinking skills in Islamic education curricula can effectively promote moderate Islam and resilience against extremist narratives. Success requires comprehensive teacher training, stakeholder engagement, and culturally sensitive pedagogical approaches that respect Islamic scholarly traditions while encouraging analytical thinking.
INSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVE ON INVESTMENT IN SAFETY AND HEALTH: AN ETHICAL IMPERATIVE IN LIGHT OF ISLAMIC TEACHINGS ON HUMAN WELFARE AND PROTECTION
The Maqasid al-Shariah (objectives of Islamic jurisprudence) emphasizes the preservation of five essential elements of human well-being, known as ad-dharuriyyat al-khams, including the protection of life (Hifz al-Nafs) and property (Hifz al-Mal). These principles align directly with the primary objective of occupational safety and health (OSH) management, which is to safeguard individuals and organizational assets from harm. Ensuring workplace safety is vital where risks are elevated. A strong safety culture requires a holistic strategy encompassing organizational, technological, human, and external factors. However, safety initiatives often face budgetary constraints, leading to underinvestment in OSH. This cross-sectional study investigates how organizations approach OSH investment and the interdependencies among influencing factors. Data were gathered through semi-quantitative surveys with Administrative Officers and Technical Heads of one of the public Higher Learning Institutions (HLIs), who are in charge and responsible for budget projection. These data are analyzed using the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method. Findings revealed that management commitment is the most critical factor, significantly impacting communication, procedural compliance, and legal adherence. The study underscores the importance of leadership, adequate funding, and standardized safety practices. Effective management fulfills not only organizational objectives but also the ethical and spiritual imperatives of Islamic law by protecting human life and property.
TEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF TOURISM SERVICE BUSINESS ACTIVITY IN A SMALL COASTAL TOWN OF MALAYSIA
Small coastal towns often rely on service-based economies that shift with tourism demand and local community needs. While this dual dependence sustains livelihoods and attracts visitors, it also introduces vulnerabilities such as seasonal fluctuations, overreliance on weekend tourism, and unequal benefits for residents. Despite their importance, the temporal dynamics of service business activity in such towns remain underexplored, particularly in emerging economies where tourism and local services drive development. This study examines the temporal patterns of service businesses in Sedili Besar, Malaysia. Quantitative data were gathered through questionnaire-guided interviews with operators across food and beverage, tourism, retail, and financial services. Results reveal a strong weekday–weekend contrast: weekdays are dominated by essential services for locals, whereas weekends see surges in tourism-related businesses such as restaurants, accommodation, and recreation. The findings highlight a hybrid livelihood model where resident needs and visitor demand coexist but remain unevenly distributed across time. Heavy reliance on tourism-driven weekend activity heightens economic vulnerability, particularly during disruptions to visitor flows. This study contributes to small-town development research by underscoring temporal dynamics in shaping service economies and offers policy insights on balancing tourism growth with essential services that support community well-being.
THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, DIGITAL COMPETENCIES, AND ENTREPRENEURIAL COMPETENCIES ON B40 WOMEN'S SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS PERFORMANCE
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed the way businesses operate and the field of digital marketing. AI tools offer several benefits for digital marketers, making them a prevailing tool for businesses to achieve their marketing goals. This study aims to examine the impact of AI marketing on the performance of micro businesses. Second, it is to observe the mediating effect of digital and entrepreneurial competencies on the relationship between AI adoption and business performance. A cross-sectional quantitative design was employed, and questionnaires were distributed to 300 B40 women entrepreneurs. A final valid dataset of 235 respondents was analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method. The study results display the direct effects of AI adoption, digital competencies, and sustainable business performance. Then, digital and entrepreneurial competencies mediate the relationship between AI adoption and sustainable business performance. The implications of these findings suggest that the systematic development of skills and knowledge, as well as the strategic deployment of AI and technologies, should be a priority for entrepreneurs seeking to improve performance and preserve a competitive edge in an ever-evolving market and industry.
EDGE OF TRADITIONAL PADDY CULTURE OF KAMPUNG TUBIH MAWANG, ITS CHALLENGES AND CULTURAL VALUES
Kampung Tubih Mawang is one of the most valuable in cultural identity and rich in traditional paddy farming in Sarawak. Among various agricultural practices, paddy cultivation has gained greater importance due to the region's local conditions, climate and culture. This study utilizes related global resources, newsletters, academic articles database and field tour to draw on the values of traditional paddy farming culture and unexplored challenges. The current study aimed to document and report challenges that could be prominence in the local village on the uniqueness of paddy cultivation in the village. Some categorized surveys of challenges in the village were documented, including manpower, pest control, post-harvest drying and dam irrigation issues. Preserving indigenous values is becoming increasingly important, considering the growing emphasis on sustainable cultural practices within the village. The survey results in our study have widened the perception of the need to enrich the paddy farming practices not merely for heredity but also for village implications intended to conserve indigenous values.
PROTECTING ORIGIN AND CULTURE: GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATONS IN MALAYSIA, INDONESIA AND THAILAND
This article interrogates how Geographical Indications (GIs) can function as juridical devices for protecting origin-linked products and sustaining cultural practices in Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand. Anchored in a doctrinal-comparative approach, it addresses three research problems: (i) whether existing GI statutes and subsidiary instruments adequately secure the interests of indigenous and local communities; (ii) what structural and institutional asymmetries persist in registration, governance, and enforcement; and (iii) how far ASEAN-level coordination of GI standards can be pursued without eroding plural legal and cultural orders. Drawing on positivist legal analysis, complemented by critical postcolonial insights, the study examines legislative texts, administrative practice, and reported disputes to trace the evolution of GI regimes and their socio-legal effects in rural and agrarian economies. The inclusion of Thailand alongside Malaysia and Indonesia renders a more differentiated understanding of regional trajectories and the strategic uses of GIs by state and non-state actors. The analysis suggests that GIs retain significant potential to facilitate economic redress and cultural endurance but that their implementation remains uneven, with benefits often captured by powerful intermediaries rather than small-scale producers. Regulatory lacunae, fragile enforcement, and constrained community participation reinforce these imbalances. The article concludes by advancing proposals for calibrated reform, including plurilateral ASEAN policy alignment, community-driven certification architectures, and rights-based safeguards, to recalibrate GI law as a more equitable mechanism for the protection of origin and culture within the region.
THREE PILLARS AS NEW STRATEGY TO CURB CORRUPTION IN PUBLIC PROCUREMENT IN MALAYSIA
Public procurement in Malaysia remains a major avenue for corruption despite existing legal frameworks and digital reforms. This study investigates the necessity for new governmental strategies by analysing three core dimensions: the effectiveness of current laws and procedures, the role of human values and ethics, and the integration of emerging technologies. Using qualitative methods, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 15 experts and 7 incarcerated individuals involved in procurement-related offences. These primary findings were supported by secondary data from selected Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission case files. Ethical clearance was obtained, ensuring participant confidentiality, informed consent, and voluntary participation. The study adhered to strict ethical protocols to enhance the credibility and trustworthiness of the data. Findings reveal a critical need for reforms in legislative enforcement, governance culture, and digital infrastructure. Specifically, weaknesses in law implementation, ethical breaches among procurement actors, and the slow adoption of digital monitoring tools were identified as persistent vulnerabilities. The analysis underscores the urgency of a holistic and sustainable anti-corruption strategy based on three interrelated pillars: strengthening legal frameworks, cultivating ethical leadership and values, and leveraging digital technologies and data analytics. The study recommends that these pillars form the basis of a new, adaptive strategy to effectively curb and combat corruption in public procurement. A cross-sectoral commitment involving government, civil society, and digital innovation is vital to build resilience against corruption and promote integrity within Malaysia’s procurement system.
INFLUENCER ENDORSEMENTS: HOW BRAND AWARENESS AFFECTS FOLLOWERS’ PURCHASE INTENTION ON SOCIAL MEDIA
Social media influencers are first explored in the advertising field, particularly to create buzz in the markets and further expand social media coverage in businesses. This study is designed to investigate whether influencers’ endorsement can mediate the relationship between brand awareness and purchase intention among social media followers in Selangor, Malaysia. This study was hinged on the Source Credibility Theory. Using a survey research method, a structured questionnaire was administered among 389 social media (such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and TikTok) followers in Selangor with experience in purchasing products/services after watching or browsing social medias endorsed by an influencer. The findings revealed that majority of followers’ purchase intention was moderately affected by the social media influencers. Furthermore, influencers’ endorsement has a stronger influence on purchase intention, and brand awareness does not have an influence on purchase intention. In addition, influencers’ endorsement has a mediation role on the relationship between brand awareness and purchase intention. It was concluded that influencers’ endorsement might be a more important construct than brand awareness and perhaps, followers develop a purchase intention when the social media post stated an '#sponsored' '#ad'. It was recommended that companies should ascertain the endorsement of social media influencers whose services would be employed in order to enhance positive perception about product promotion among the social media followers.
VEILED EMPOWERMENT: THE BAJU KURUNG AS AN ISLAMIC SYMBOL OF MODESTY, FEMININITY, AND MALAY WOMEN’S AGENCY IN MALAYSIA
This study examines how Islamic values influence the design and symbolism of Baju Kurung, a Malay traditional dress, in negotiating modesty, femininity, and women's empowerment in Malaysia. Within Third World feminism and Islamic cultural identity, the research bridges the gap in academic literature that tends to marginalize non-Western expressions of agency through dress. Approaching it qualitatively, the study employs textual interpretation of literature from the past in the form of Ibu Zain's writing and cultural discourse analysis of elements of customary designs and their meaning. The findings prove that Baju Kurung is more than a piece of clothing; it is a socio-religious symbol reflecting decency values, spiritual devoutness, and national identity values. Islamic beauty with loose figures, non-revealing shapes, and symbolic cutting—are central to the means by which Malay women negotiate both femininity and religion. The study contributes to Islamic fashion studies and postcolonial feminist studies in offering Baju Kurung as veiled empowerment, countering Westernized presumptions on dress, freedom, and female agency in Muslim worlds.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL 4 TOWARDS GOLDEN INDONESIA: CROSS-BORDER EDUCATION
This study explores the importance of balancing hard skills, soft skills, and trends in educational technology innovation in cross-border education to support the ability to adapt to new environments. This study, using document and conceptual analysis. Indonesia implements the concept of cross-border education for Sustainable Development Goal of four through two programs: student exchange and student exchange between ASEAN countries. This program implementation emphasizes the importance of educational institutions in developing soft skills, improving hard skills, and broadening insights into technological trends in education. The higher education curriculum in Indonesia is expected to meet the needs of the labor market with the need for soft skills of 80%, hard skills of twenty per cent and technological trends and innovation for career success. This study identifies various challenges in the implementation of cross-border education in Indonesia, such as the still minimal weight of soft skills in the university curriculum and there are still many obstacles in technological trends and educational innovations, such as the gap in access to technology, digital skills of teachers and education personnel and the availability of quality learning materials. Educational facilities related to technology and educational innovation in Indonesia still need to be perfectly distributed.
REAKSI PEMIMPIN POLITIK DAN BRITISH DI TANAH MELAYU TERHADAP REVOLUSI SOSIAL SUMATERA TIMUR, 1946-1957
This study examines the reactions of Malay political leaders and the British administration in Malaya to the Social Revolution of East Sumatra, a radical movement after World War II that saw the removal of the aristocratic class and the formation of a new political power in East Sumatra. The revolution that occurred indirectly influenced the struggle for independence in Malaya, which became increasingly aggressive until the 1950s. The reactions of Malay political leaders to the revolution encompassed various aspects, especially after being given attention by left-wing parties. The situation influenced political developments in Malaya, which subsequently became a threat to the British, causing the colonial power to organize actions to control political developments in this country. This study uses primary sources obtained from the National Archive, Kew and the National Archives of Malaysia such as records from the Foreign Office (FO), Colonial Office (CO) and reports from the British Ministry of Defence (DEFE) as the main sources for writing the study. The findings of this study summarize that the Social Revolution that occurred in East Sumatra influenced political developments in Malaya. This caused Malayan political leaders, especially from UMNO and left-wing parties, to react to the conflict. However, the reactions from the two parties differed because of their own party ideologies. In addition, the findings of this study also detail the British reaction to political developments in Malaya, especially regarding the influence of the revolution among political leaders in the country. This study provides new understanding of the development of inclusive politics involving the development of Malayan nationalism in the early days of independence. Kajian ini meneliti reaksi pemimpin politik Melayu serta pentadbiran British di Tanah Melayu terhadap Revolusi Sosial Sumatera Timur, iaitu gerakan radikal pasca Perang Dunia Kedua yang menyaksikan penyingkiran golongan aristokrat serta pembentukan kuasa politik baharu di Sumatera Timur. Revolusi yang berlaku itu secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi perjuangan kemerdekaan Tanah Melayu yang semakin agresif sehingga 1950-an. Reaksi pemimpin politik Melayu terhadap revolusi tersebut merangkumi pelbagai aspek, terutamanya setelah diberi perhatian oleh parti haluan kiri. Situasi tersebut mempengaruhi perkembangan politik di Tanah Melayu, seterusnya menjadi ancaman terhadap British sehingga menyebabkan kuasa kolonial tersebut menyusun tindakan bagi mengawal perkembangan politik di negara ini. Kajian ini menggunakan sumber primer yang diperoleh dari National Archive, Kew dan Arkib Negara Malaysia seperti rekod dari Foreign Office (FO), Colonial Office (CO) dan laporan Kementerian Pertahanan Britain (DEFE) sebagai sumber utama untuk penulisan kajian. Dapatan kajian ini merumuskan Revolusi Sosial yang berlaku di Sumatera Timur mempengaruhi perkembangan politik di Tanah Melayu. Perkara ini menyebabkan pemimpin politik Tanah Melayu, terutamanya dari UMNO dan parti haluan kiri memberi reaksi terhadap konflik tersebut. Walau bagaimanapun, reaksi dari kedua-dua parti tersebut berbeza kerana ideologi parti tersendiri. Selain itu, dapatan kajian ini turut memperincikan reaksi British terhadap perkembangan politik di Tanah Melayu, terutamanya mengenai pengaruh dari revolusi tersebut dalam kalangan pemimpin politik di negara ini. Kajian ini memberi pemahaman baharu terhadap perkembangan politik inklusif yang melibatkan perkembangan nasionalisme Tanah Melayu pada awal kemerdekaan.
TADBIR URUS WAKAF DI PAHANG: POTENSI DAN CABARAN
Waqf is an Islamic economic instrument with great potential in the socio-economic development of the Muslim community. In Malaysia, the management of waqf falls under the jurisdiction of the State Islamic Religious Councils (SIRCs), including in the state of Pahang, which is managed by the Pahang Islamic Religious and Malay Customs Council (MUIP). Despite various efforts to strengthen waqf institutions, issues such as transparency, administrative efficiency, limited human resources, and imbalanced development of waqf assets remain significant challenges. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore waqf governance in Pahang, managed by MUIP. The main focus of the study is to identify the potentials that can be harnessed through systematic waqf management and the challenges faced in ensuring the effectiveness and sustainability of waqf in Pahang. This study adopts a qualitative approach through interviews and document analysis. The collected data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings reveal that MUIP has integrated the functions of waqf, baitulmal, and investment within a single administration to strengthen financial resources and waqf asset management. Among the main potentials identified are the use of online system technology for cash waqf collection, user-friendly approaches, flexible governance structures and the establishment of the Pahang Waqf Enactment 2022 (Enactment 29). However, several challenges persist, including a lack of skilled human resources, limited funding, legal constraints, and difficulties in developing non-strategic waqf lands. Therefore, it is essential to strengthen the institutional capacity of waqf, implement waqf education among the public and evaluate the effectiveness of existing policies. This study is expected to serve as a reference for policymakers, researchers and practitioners in shaping a sustainable and inclusive waqf governance ecosystem in Malaysia, particularly in the state of Pahang. Wakaf merupakan instrumen ekonomi Islam yang berpotensi besar dalam pembangunan sosioekonomi umat Islam. Di Malaysia, pengurusan wakaf tertakluk di bawah kuasa Majlis Agama Islam Negeri (MAIN), termasuklah di negeri Pahang yang dikendalikan oleh Majlis Ugama Islam dan Adat Resam Melayu Pahang (MUIP). Walaupun pelbagai usaha telah dilakukan bagi memperkasakan institusi wakaf, isu ketelusan, kecekapan pentadbiran, kekangan sumber manusia serta ketidakseimbangan pembangunan aset wakaf masih menjadi cabaran utama. Justeru, kajian ini dijalankan untuk meneroka tadbir urus wakaf di Pahang yang diuruskan oleh Majlis Ugama Islam dan Adat Resam Melayu Pahang (MUIP). Fokus utama kajian adalah untuk mengenal pasti potensi yang boleh dimanfaatkan melalui pengurusan wakaf secara sistematik serta cabaran-cabaran yang dihadapi dalam memastikan keberkesanan dan kelestarian wakaf di Pahang. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui temu bual dan analisis dokumen. Data-data yang diperolehi dianalisis menggunakan kaedah analisis tematik. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa MUIP telah mengintegrasikan fungsi wakaf, baitulmal dan pelaburan dalam satu pentadbiran bagi memperkukuh sumber kewangan dan pengurusan aset wakaf. Antara potensi utama yang dikenal pasti ialah penggunaan teknologi sistem dalam talian untuk kutipan wakaf tunai, pendekatan mesra pengguna, struktur tadbir urus yang fleksibel dan penubuhan Enakmen Wakaf Pahang 2022 (Enakmen 29). Namun begitu, beberapa cabaran turut wujud, termasuk kekurangan sumber manusia berkemahiran, keterbatasan dana, kekangan perundangan dan kesukaran membangunkan tanah wakaf yang tidak strategik. Oleh itu, pemerkasaan kapasiti institusi wakaf, pelaksanaan pendidikan wakaf dalam kalangan masyarakat, serta penilaian keberkesanan dasar sedia ada perlu diberi penekanan. Kajian ini diharap dapat menjadi rujukan kepada penggubal dasar, pengkaji dan pengamal dalam membentuk ekosistem pengurusan wakaf yang mampan dan inklusif di Malaysia, khususnya di negeri Pahang.
HALAL RETAIL GOVERNANCE THROUGH MS2400-3:2019: STRUCTURE, IMPLEMENTATION, AND GLOBAL BENCHMARKS
This paper explores the implementation and strategic potential of MS2400-3:2019, Malaysia’s halal retail supply chain standard, in response to growing demands for transparent and integrated halal governance. It aims to critically assess the standard’s structural composition, practical applicability, and global relevance in the context of modern halal retailing. Employing a qualitative methodology, the study applies thematic content analysis to academic literature, regulatory frameworks, and international benchmarks. The findings suggest that, although MS2400-3:2019 offers a comprehensive model aligned with Shariah principles and quality management systems, its adoption remains constrained by operational hurdles, a shortage of skilled personnel, and ambiguity surrounding return on investment. Benchmarking against halal governance systems in Indonesia, Brunei, the UAE, and Japan highlights Malaysia’s role as an innovator in halal supply chains, while also revealing notable deficiencies in implementation support and incentive mechanisms. The study puts forward practical recommendations to overcome these challenges, emphasizing the need for stronger policy coherence, stakeholder involvement, and technological integration. By pinpointing strategic shortcomings and proposing focused improvements, the paper contributes to advancing halal retail governance and reinforces Malaysia’s aspirations to lead in global halal certification and compliance.
DILEMA DAN HARAPAN: FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENERIMAAN GURU TADIKA TERHADAP KANAK-KANAK BERKEPERLUAN KHAS
The acceptance of preschool teachers towards children with special needs plays a crucial role in the successful implementation of inclusive education. However, various challenges such as lack of knowledge, social stigma, and limited resources and support have affected teachers' acceptance and teaching effectiveness. This study aims to explore the factors influencing teachers' acceptance. Using a literature review approach, this study analyzes various factors contributing to teachers' acceptance or the challenges they face in inclusive education. The findings indicate that interventions involving government policies, continuous training, transdisciplinary collaboration, and strengthening parental roles in inclusive education can enhance teachers' acceptance of children with special needs. Therefore, integrated support from policymakers, educational institutions, and the community is essential to empower teachers in creating an inclusive and responsive learning environment for students with special needs. Penerimaan guru tadika terhadap kanak-kanak berkeperluan khas memainkan peranan penting dalam kejayaan pelaksanaan pendidikan inklusif. Namun, pelbagai cabaran seperti kekurangan pengetahuan, stigma sosial, serta keterbatasan sumber dan sokongan telah menjejaskan penerimaan dan keberkesanan pengajaran guru. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meneroka faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penerimaan guru. Dengan menggunakan kaedah tinjauan literatur, kajian ini menganalisis pelbagai faktor yang menyumbang kepada penerimaan atau cabaran yang dihadapi oleh guru dalam pendidikan inklusif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa intervensi yang melibatkan dasar kerajaan, latihan berterusan, kolaborasi transdisiplin, dan pengukuhan peranan ibu bapa dalam pendidikan inklusif dapat meningkatkan penerimaan guru terhadap kanak-kanak berkeperluan khas. Oleh itu, sokongan bersepadu daripada pembuat dasar, institusi pendidikan, dan masyarakat diperlukan bagi memperkasakan guru dalam menyediakan persekitaran pembelajaran yang inklusif dan responsif terhadap keperluan murid berkeperluan khas.
EMOTIONAL TRANSFORMATION THROUGH THE EFFECTS OF SOMATIC THERAPY TECHNIQUES IN REDUCING DEPRESSION AMONG STUDENTS OF SKILL TRAINING INSTITUTIONS
Depression among students of higher education institutions is an increasingly worrying issue, with negative effects on mental well-being and academic performance. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of somatic therapy techniques in reducing depression levels and improving students' emotional well-being. Somatic therapy focuses on the relationship between the body and emotions through movement, breathing, and body awareness techniques to reduce psychological stress. This study uses quantitative and qualitative approaches, involving a sample of students with mild to moderate depressive symptoms. Data were collected through questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and behavioral observations before and after an eight-week somatic therapy intervention. The results of the study showed a significant decrease in participants' depression levels, increased emotional awareness, and increased ability to control stress. Somatic therapy was found to be an easy-to-practice and effective method in reducing depression. This study suggests that somatic therapy should be made part of mental health intervention strategies in higher technical education institutions.
APLIKASI MODEL KAUNSELING AL-GHAZALI DALAM KALANGAN GURU BIMBINGAN DAN KAUNSELING
This study examines the application of al-Ghazali’s counseling model among Guidance and Counseling Teachers in Malaysia. Utilizing a multi-site case study approach, this research evaluates the extent to which al-Ghazali’s tazkiyah al-nafs (spiritual purification) model is implemented in counseling interventions, particularly in addressing students’ psychospiritual issues. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 19 Muslim counselors and analyzed thematically using NVivo 12. The findings revealed four key themes: (1) initiating sessions with intention, supplication, and goal setting, (2) identifying root causes of issues through the lens of worship practices and spiritual well-being, (3) spiritual interventions focused on strengthening religious practices and self-reflection, and (4) assessing therapeutic outcomes through behavioral changes and commitment to religious practices. The study demonstrates that a standalone Islamic counseling model based on Al-Ghazali’s framework offers a comprehensive approach integrating emotional, cognitive, and spiritual dimensions to enhance students' psychological well-being. The study’s implications highlight the necessity for intensive training for counselors in mastering tazkiyah al-nafs techniques and the need for a standardized procedural manual to enhance the implementation of Islamic counseling in schools. This research contributes to the literature on value-based Islamic counseling and provides an alternative psychospiritual intervention model for modern education. Kajian ini menganalisis aplikasi model kaunseling al-Ghazali dalam kalangan Guru Bimbingan dan Kaunseling di Malaysia. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kajian kes pelbagai lokasi, kajian ini menilai sejauh mana model tazkiyah al-nafs al-Ghazali diterapkan dalam intervensi kaunseling, khususnya dalam menangani isu psiko spiritual pelajar. Kaedah temu bual separa berstruktur dengan 19 orang kaunselor Muslim digunakan bagi memperoleh data empirikal, yang dianalisis secara tematik menggunakan perisian NVivo 12. Hasil kajian menunjukkan empat tema terhasil: (1) sesi dimulakan dengan niat, zikir, dan penetapan matlamat, (2) identifikasi punca masalah melalui aspek ibadah dan hati, (3) rawatan spiritual berasaskan peningkatan ibadah dan refleksi kendiri, serta (4) penilaian kesan terapi melalui perubahan tingkah laku dan komitmen terhadap ibadah. Dapatan kajian membuktikan bahawa kaunseling Islam tunggal berdasarkan model al-Ghazali dapat memberikan pendekatan menyeluruh yang merangkumi aspek emosi, kognitif, dan spiritual bagi meningkatkan kesejahteraan psikologi pelajar. Implikasi kajian menekankan keperluan latihan intensif bagi kaunselor dalam menguasai teknik penyucian jiwa (tazkiyah al-nafs) serta keperluan manual prosedur standard bagi memperkasa pelaksanaan kaunseling Islam di sekolah. Kajian ini menyumbang kepada literatur kaunseling berteraskan nilai Islam dan menawarkan alternatif model intervensi psiko spiritual dalam pendidikan moden.
ANALISIS FAKTOR DEMOGRAFI TERHADAP SIKAP DAN LITERASI DIGITAL DALAM KALANGAN PELAJAR SEKOLAH MENENGAH AGAMA NEGERI PAHANG
This study examines the influence of demographic factors on students' attitudes toward digital device usage and their level of digital literacy among students of Sekolah Menengah Agama Negeri Pahang (SMAN). Data were collected through an online survey using a five-point Likert scale, involving 450 students from 8 SMAN schools. Statistical analysis using SPSS version 25.0 explored the relationship between demographic variables such as age, school location, and family income with both study dimensions. Findings indicate that age (14 and 16 years old), school location (rural), and family income (RM10,960 and above) have a significant relationship with attitudes toward digital devices, contributing 7.3% variance. For digital literacy, significant factors include age (14 and 16 years old) and distance from home to school (<5 km), with a contribution of 4.0%. The study highlights the importance of demographic factors in shaping students' digital literacy, providing essential implications for policymakers and educators in enhancing e-learning readiness. Kajian ini mengkaji pengaruh faktor demografi terhadap sikap penggunaan peranti digital dan tahap literasi digital dalam kalangan pelajar Sekolah Menengah Agama Negeri Pahang (SMAN). Data dikumpulkan melalui tinjauan dalam talian menggunakan skala Likert lima mata, melibatkan 450 pelajar daripada 8 SMAN. Analisis statistik menggunakan SPSS versi 25.0 mengkaji hubungan antara pembolehubah demografi seperti usia, lokasi sekolah, dan pendapatan keluarga dengan kedua-dua dimensi kajian. Dapatan menunjukkan faktor usia (14 dan 16 tahun), lokasi sekolah (luar bandar), dan pendapatan keluarga (RM10,960 ke atas) mempunyai hubungan signifikan dengan sikap terhadap peranti digital (sumbangan varians 7.3%). Bagi literasi digital, faktor signifikan ialah usia (14 dan 16 tahun) serta jarak tempat tinggal ke sekolah (<5 km) dengan sumbangan 4.0%. Hasil kajian menekankan kepentingan faktor demografi dalam membentuk literasi digital pelajar, memberikan implikasi penting kepada pembuat dasar dan pendidik dalam meningkatkan kesediaan e-pembelajaran.
NON-INTEREST FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS IN TACKLING FINANCIAL EXCLUSION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
This study aims to provide a solution to poverty and financial exclusion in North-East (BAY) states using non-interest financial institutions and financial technology (Fintech) to enhance economic development and accelerate the financial stability of the affected areas destroyed by Boko Haram in North-East Nigeria. This study adopted qualitative and quantitative research techniques to achieve its objectives. The data collected for the research were compiled through a survey. Five hundred (500) questionnaires were distributed; however, four and fifty (450) were valid for the analysis. The study shows a need for an initiative scheme of loan facilities using technological means to enhance financial inclusion and reduce poverty through non-interest financial institutions and financial technology (Fintech) based on direct and mediating variables for sustainable and economic development in the region. The result of this study proposed an integrated model of non-interest financial institution and financial technology (Fintech) platform as a sustainable source of funding businesses and agricultural financial activities to accelerate and promote financial inclusion and reduce poverty in (BAY) states.
INVESTIGATING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIGITAL LITERACY AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AMONG UNDER-GRADUATE STUDENTS ENROLLED IN THE TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING PROGRAMME
This study aims to investigate the relationship between digital skills and academic performance among undergraduate students in the Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) programme. The study employs a survey research design and includes a sample of undergraduate students in the TVET programme from a selected university in Malaysia. This study uses a survey questionnaire to collect data on digital literacy, and academic performance from the student database. Findings reveal a weak-to-moderate positive correlation between digital literacy and academic performance, suggesting that digital competency may enhance academic success but is not the sole determinant. The results suggest that students with higher digital literacy tend to have better academic performance in their previous exams than those with lower digital literacy. The study also explores the implications of the findings for education and makes recommendations on how universities can improve digital literacy among their students to enhance their academic performance. Overall, this study makes a valuable contribution to our understanding of the relationship between digital literacy and academic performance among undergraduate students in the TVET programme. The findings have important implications for policy and practice in education, offering guidance for future research in this area.
SERVICE PROVISION AND STUDENTS’ SATISFACTION: LESSONS FROM UNIVERSITIES IN KWARA STATE, NIGERIA
This research focused on the provision of services and the satisfaction of university students in Kwara State, Nigeria. A descriptive survey design was utilized for this study, which included a total population of 93,266 university students at the time of data collection. A purposive sampling method was employed, leading to the participation of 300 students. Data were gathered through a self-designed questionnaire that was both validated and pilot-tested. The analysis involved descriptive statistics for the research questions and inferential statistics for the hypotheses. The results indicated that ICT services were the most frequently provided. Furthermore, the findings demonstrated a high level of satisfaction among students regarding the services offered. A significant relationship was also established between service provision and student satisfaction. Therefore, it is recommended that university management take immediate action to sustain the services provided to uphold student satisfaction, among other recommendations.
EMPOWERING MOSQUE MANAGEMENT THROUGH CONGREGATIONAL ENGAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY: A STUDY OF MOSQUES MANAGEMENT AND SOCIAL PROGRAMS
This article discusses the role of mosques as centres of worship, education, and catalysts for community well-being through a holistic management approach. The focus is on the implementation of mosque management programs by assessing the challenges, effectiveness, and suggestions for strengthening the program. This study emphasizes the aspects of technological needs in mosque management, the involvement of congregations as a strategic asset, and an inclusive socio-religious approach. A qualitative approach is used for an in-depth examination of the practices, challenges, and outcomes associated with the research topic. Data obtained from secondary sources and literature studies show that the use of technology, such as the Anak Kariah portal and mosque management applications, has the potential to improve the effectiveness of mosque operations. In addition, the involvement of congregational members in mosque activities not only strengthens community brotherhood but also provides added value to community development. The results of this study also found that there are five main elements in the empowerment of mosque management, namely systematic program management, the use of data profiles of congregational members, collaborative networks with government and private agencies, the implementation of non-formal education programs, and the integration of technology in mosque activities This study recommends that mosques continue to play a proactive role in addressing the challenges of management by focusing on infrastructure development, religious programs, and strategic collaboration. In conclusion, mosques have the potential to become superior institutions that not only fulfil spiritual needs but also contribute to the social well-being of society.
PRIORITIZING EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PHASES IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS: A CASE STUDY USING TECHNIQUE FOR ORDER OF PREFERENCE BY SIMILARITY TO IDEAL SOLUTION (TOPSIS)
Emergency management is critical to ensuring the safety and well-being of students, teachers, and staff in educational institutions. The purpose of this study is to prioritize the emergency management phases of mitigation, response, preparedness, and recovery in three selected elementary schools, with a focus on fire incidents. The method used is The Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The result showed that School 2 prioritized a robust response strategy due to its central city location, while School 1 focused on mitigation because of its proximity to a fire station. School 3 emphasized preparedness, given its rural location and predominantly low-income student population. The study's findings underscore the importance of tailored strategies for educational institutions, emphasizing response strategies and preparedness.
HUBUNGAN MAQASID SYARIAH, USUL FIQH & QAWAED FIQHIYYAH DALAM PENETAPAN HUKUM FEKAH SEMASA: ANALISIS BEBERAPA PANDANGAN HUKUM DAN FATWA TERPILIH DALAM ISU-ISU HALAL
Usul Fiqh, Qawaed Fiqhiyyah and Maqasid Shariah are three branches of knowledge which are usually associated with the process in determining a certain Islamic ruling. In relation to that, this paper is presented to discuss roles of these three branches and their relationship in the determination of contemporary Islamic rulings. There are similarities and differences among those three and often in term of application, misunderstandings arose. There is also a view that views opinions in the Syafie school are quite strict and need to be evaluated from the point of view of achieving maqasid shariah. Therefore, a relationship analysis was made on Islamic rulings in Malaysia in halal issues to see the extent to which the relationship of the three branches is implemented This study was conducted qualitatively. Data were collected and analyzed using the document analysis approach. The study found that these three branches have a close relationship particularly on Islamic rulings in halal issues in Malyasia. In fact, they complement each other. Every issued Islamic ruling must be in accordance with the principles and methods that have been outlined in those three branches. From the study, it is also noted that earlier jurists have established a well-organized methodology as a guide in the process of determination of certain Islamic law. Tiga cabang ilmu yang biasa dihubungkan dengan penetapan hukum-hukum fekah ialah ilmu Usul Fiqh, Qawaed Fiqhiyyah dan Maqasid Syariah. Tulisan ini dikemukan bagi membincangkan hubungan antara ketiga-tiga ilmu tersebut dalam penetapan hukum fekah semasa. Terdapat persamaan dan perbezaan antara ketiga-tiganya dalam penetapan hukum fekah. Terdapat juga juga salah faham dalam aplikasi ketiga-tiganya. Di samping itu, terdapat juga kata-kata yang menyebut pendapat dalam mazhab Syafie agak ketat dan perlu dinilai kembali dari sudut pencapaian maqasid syariah. Sehubungan dengan itu, analisis hubungan juga dibuat terhadap pandangan hukum semasa di Malaysia dalam isu-isu halal untuk melihat aplikasi hubungan antara ketiga-tiga cabang ilmu ini. Kajian ini dijalankan secara kualitatif. Data-data dikumpul dan dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan analisis dokumen. Kajian mendapati bahawa ketiga-tiga disiplin ilmu ini mempunyai hubungan yang rapat antara satu sama lain serta saling melengkapi dalam penetapan hukum fekah termasuk dalam penetapan pandangan hukum dalam isu-isu halal semasa. Setiap hukum fekah yang dikeluarkan perlu selaras dengan prinsip dan kaedah yang telah digariskan oleh ketiga-tiga ilmu terbabit. Kaedah yang digunakan oleh ahli-ahli fekah terdahulu telah meninggalkan suatu tradisi yang tersusun dan kukuh sebagai panduan dalam proses pengeluaran hukum.
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PEMBAHAGIAN WAKTU SOLAT MENURUT KITAB AL-IQNA’ FI HAL AL-ALFAZ ABI SHUJA’
In discussing the time's aspect of fardu prayer, the time is usually divided into two categories: "the beginning of time" and "the end of time". However, according to the discussion in Shafie’s sect, several other time categories have been discussed in more detail. The adaptation of old manuscripts to the modern world would raise some confusion, especially in the operational definition of each category of prayer. To some extent, Muslims may misunderstand the details of the additional categories of prayer times. This study was conducted using a qualitative approach and thematic text study. The researcher conducted text research by choosing the Kitab al-Iqna 'Fi Hal al-Alfaz Abi Shuja' written by al-Khatib al-Sharbini, which is the main reference of the Shafii sect. The researchers found several other categories of prayer times in the Shafie’s sect, which have not yet been introduced in the context of modern mathematics. There are seven categories of time categories stated in the book, namely the time of fadhilah, the time of ikhtiar (endeavour), the time of jawaz, the time of uzur, the time of haram, the time of darurah and the time of makruh. The book also provides guidelines by using the position of the sun and the nature of light in the sky in making the categories of prayer times. Four out of the seven categories stated are the categories of prayer times within the five types of fardu prayers. The remaining three categories are characteristic of the time of prayer if the prayer is performed within those three times. Based on these findings, a follow-up study was proposed to help with astrometric calculations of all four categories of prayer time and subsequently included them in the prayer time calendar. This will make it easier for communities to monitor their prayer times and then achieve the aspirations of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by achieving SDG 3 goals, namely good health and well-being by performing prayers at the best time. Dalam perbahasan waktu solat fardu, umum membahagikannya kepada dua kategori iaitu “awal waktu” dan “akhir waktu”. Namun demikian, dalam perbahasan fiqh Mazhab Shafie, terdapat beberapa kategori waktu lain yang dibahaskan secara lebih terperinci. Pembacaan karya lama untuk diadaptasi dalam dunia moden menimbulkan sedikit kekeliruan khasnya daripada aspek definisi operasi setiap kategori solat berkenaan. Sedikit sebanyak, umat Islam keliru dalam memahami pembutiran waktu solat tambahan berkenaan. Kajian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan kajian teks tematik. Pengkaji membuat penelitian teks dengan memilih kitab al-Iqna’ Fi Hal al-Alfaz Abi Shuja’ yang ditulis oleh al-Khatib al-Syarbini yang merupakan rujukan utama mazhab Shafie. Pengkaji mendapati terdapat beberapa lagi waktu solat dalam mazhab Shafie yang dalam konteks hisab moden, masih belum diperkenalkan. Terdapat tujuh kategori pembahagian waktu yang dinyatakan di dalam kitab tersebut iaitu waktu fadhilah, waktu ikhtiar, waktu jawaz, waktu uzur, waktu haram, waktu darurah dan waktu makruh. Kitab tersebut ada juga memberi garis panduan dengan menggunakan kedudukan matahari dan sifat cahaya di langit dalam membuat pembahagian waktu solat tersebut. Empat daripada tujuh kategori yang dinyatakan merupakan pembahagian waktu solat yang terdapat di dalam setiap lima jenis solat fardu dan tiga kategori selebihnya, merupakan sifat ke waktu solat sekiranya solat dilakukan di dalam tiga waktu tersebut. Berdasarkan dapatan ini, dicadangkan kajian susulan yang membantu kiraan astrometri terhadap kesemua empat kategori pembahagian waktu solat tersebut dan seterusnya memasukkannya ke dalam takwim waktu solat. Ini akan memudahkan masyarakat untuk mengawasi waktu solat mereka seterusnya mencapai aspirasi Matlamat Pembangunan Lestari PBB (SDG) dengan mencapai matlamat SDG 3, iaitu kesihatan yang baik dan kesejahteraan dengan melaksanakan solat pada waktu terbaik.
EXPLORING WORD CLASS RELATIONS IN CHINESE-ENGLISH POLITICAL TRANSLATION: A CORPUS-BASED STUDY OF XI JINPING: THE GOVERNANCE OF CHINA II
Translation universal has been an important domain of research in corpus-based translation studies. While previous studies have examined word class relations in prose translation and the diachronic change of explicitation in translation, there is a relative lack of research on word class relations in political translation. To address this gap, the study delves into word class relations in political translation using self-built comparable corpora of, specifically, the Chinese source texts (ST) and English target texts (TT) of Xi Jinping: The Governance of China II, as well as the original English texts (OET) of State of the Union Address 2013-2016. The results demonstrate that significant differences have been observed in most of the distributions of word classes in the ST, the TT, and the OET, yet the word classes in the TT are generally closer to their counterparts in the OET, which could be possibly interpreted through the translation team’s guiding principle of “close to foreign audiences’ ways of thinking”. In addition, the word classes of the TT show different degrees of correlation with those of the ST, while the word classes of the OET have no significant correlation with either the ST or the TT, thus indicating the source language effect of word class translation. Hence, this study offers empirical and quantitative findings for understanding the linguistic features of Chinese political translation.
STUDY ON THE INFLUENCING FACTORS OF EFFECTIVE GROUP COOPERATION MODE IN CHINESE UNIVERSITIES CLASSROOM
In the 21st century, cooperation ability is crucial for students' employment prospects. Therefore, collaborative group work has become an important part of higher education, yet its effective implementation faces challenges in Chinese universities. Chinese university students have less experience in cooperative learning during their basic education, so it is necessary to identify and optimize the key factors that affect the efficiency of group cooperation. This study focuses on the student factors in effective group cooperation in Chinese universities. After interviewing students in modern educational technology courses, it was found that task allocation, group leader's ability, communication skills, and reward feedback mechanisms are key. In response, it is recommended to allocate tasks clearly and reasonably, select capable group leaders, improve communication skills through training, and establish effective reward mechanisms.
RANCANGAN BRIGGS DAN KAMPUNG BARU DI PAHANG: STRUKTUR DAN CIRI
This paper discusses the existence of Kampung Baru (KB) in the state of Pahang. The event occurred in 1950 after the British declared a state of emergency in Malaya (1948-1960) due to the insurgency activities carried out by the Communist Party of Malaya (PKM). As a result, the British and the state of Pahang have suffered various effects such as losses from an economic point of view and also concerns about the influence of communist ideology in the community. To deal with the situation, the British through General Sir Harold Briggs introduced the idea of relocating the population to new settlement areas through the Briggs Plan. This action is an effort to break the relationship and communication between communist members and the residents of certain areas. The British believed that this situation could indirectly weaken the supply chain of information, medicine and food to communist members. In relation to that, the opening and existence of this KB has offered a dynamic that can be studied from various perspectives. For this paper, the discussion is limited to explaining the existence of KB in the state of Pahang. Kertas kerja ini membincangkan tentang kewujudan Kampung Baru (KB) di negeri Pahang. Peristiwa ini berlaku pada tahun 1950 selepas British mengisytiharkan darurat di Tanah Melayu (1948-1960) akibat daripada gerakan insurgensi yang dilancarkan oleh Parti Komunis Malaya (PKM). Akibatnya, British dan negeri Pahang telah menanggung pelbagai kesan seperti kerugian dari sudut ekonomi dan juga kebimbangan akan pengaruh ideologi komunis dalam kalangan masyarakat. Bagi menangani keadaan tersebut, British melalui Jeneral Sir Harold Briggs yang memperkenalkan ide pemindahan dan pengasingan populasi ke kawasan-kawasan penempatan yang baharu melalui Rancangan Briggs (Briggs Plan). Tindakan ini merupakan satu usaha untuk memutuskan hubungan dan komunikasi antara anggota komunis dengan para penduduk kawasan-kawasan tertentu. British percaya keadaan ini secara tidak langsung dapat melemahkan rantaian bekalan maklumat, perubatan dan makanan kepada anggota komunis. Sehubungan dengan itu, pembukaan dan kewujudan KB ini telah menawarkan satu dinamika yang boleh dikaji daripada pelbagai perspektif. Bagi kertas kerja ini, perbincangan yang dilakukan hanya terbatas kepada penghuraian tentang kewujudan KB di negeri Pahang.